What information would you need to tell whether the leading and lagging strands in yeast are replicated with equal fidelity?
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What information would you need to tell whether the leading and lagging strands in yeast are replicated with equal fidelity?
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- What percentage of the DNA sites in yeast are accessible, assuming that the fraction of sites observed for GAL4 is typical? To how many base pairs of the 12-Mb yeast genome does this percentage correspond?The yeast genome has class 1 elements (Ty1, Ty2, and so forth) but no class 2 elements. What is a possible reason why DNA elements have not been successful in the yeast genome?12) Draw a yeast knockout cassette. Label all required sequence features. a) Draw the target chromosome if recombination only occurs at one region of homology. b) Draw the target chromosome if recombination occurs using both regions of homology.
- How Does Yeast transformation experiments were used to identify the functional chromosomal elements necessary for normal chromosome replication and segregation?The presence (+) or absence (−) of six sequences in each of five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (A–E) is indicated in the following table. Using these markers, put the BAC clones in their correct order and indicate the locations of the numbered sequences within them.You have isolated 8 mutants in yeast that fail to grow on minimal media plates but do grow when they are supplemented with Arginine. You know that Arginine is synthesized in a biochemical pathway within wild-type yeast, but you do not know how many gene products it takes for the pathway. You have all of the lines as both a and a cells and mate each strain to each other in pairwise crosses and plate them on minimal media to see if they grow. You obtain the following results with (+) representing growth, and (-) indicating no growth: a 1 5 1 a 4 5 6 7 8 How many genes are represented? O 1 3 7 O Cannot tell from the data a + + + + + • + + i 0 +, + + + • + + 7 + + + + + , . + + + + + m + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + i + -I + + . . + + +
- The presence (+) or absence (−) of six sequences in each of five bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones (A–E) is indicated in the following table. Using these markers, put the BAC clones in their correct order and indicate the locations of the numbered sequences within them. Sequences BAC clone 1 2 3 4 5 6 A + − − − + − B − − − + − + C − + + − − − D − − + − + − E + − − + − −E. coli chromosomes in which every nitrogen atom is labeled (that is, every nitrogen atom is the heavy isotope 15N instead of the normal isotope 14N) are allowed to replicate in an environment in which all the nitrogen is 14N. Using a solid line to represent a heavy polynucleotide chain and a dashed line for a light chain, sketch each of the following descriptions:a. The heavy parental chromosome and the products of the first replication after transfer to a 14N medium, assuming that the chromosome is one DNA double helix and that replication is semiconservative.b. Repeat part a, but now assume that replication is conservative.c. If the daughter chromosomes from the first division in 14N are spun in a cesium chloride density gradient and a single band is obtained, which of the possibilities in parts a and b can be ruled out? Reconsider the Meselson and Stahl experiment: What does it prove?A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a nucleus. What advantages and disadvantages may occur with having a cell’s genome packaged in a nucleus?
- Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction). Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine. All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles. When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation; when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine. After crossing the F1 generation of the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3, you count and determine the phenotypes of 1,000 colonies (here a colony is equivalent to an individual): 563 colonies that can grow on minimal medium alone; 437 colonies that require adenine…Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction). Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine. All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles. When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation; when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine. A. What conclusions can you make about the alleles of mutant strains 1, 2, and 3 and their relationships with each other? B. What phenomenon is occurring in the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3? After crossing the F1 generation of the cross between mutant strains 1…Baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled, diploid fungus (which is, of course, a eukaryote, that is capable of both meiosis and sexual reproduction). Wild type yeast can normally grow on solid or liquid minimal medium; you isolate three mutant strains which are no longer capable of growing on minimal medium alone, however, they can grow on medium supplemented with adenine. All three yeast strains are homozygous for the underlying alleles. When you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 2, the offspring cannot grow on minimal medium alone and require adenine supplementation; when you cross mutant strain 1 and mutant strain 3, the offspring can grow on minimal medium alone and do not require adenine. A. What conclusions can you make about the alleles of mutant strains 1, 2, and 3 and their relationships with each other? B. What phenomenon is occurring in the cross between mutant strains 1 and 3?