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WHAT IF? What would happen if a mutation
in protein kinase 2 made it incapable of being
phosphorylated?
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- More than 500 genes have been identified in the human genome that code for protein kinases. What does such identification imply regarding the role of protein kinases in cellular functions? Explain your answer.WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell madedefective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that wereunable to dimerize?8 80 wh 가 Vt WI V N Messenger GDP 1 BY G protein Receptor Lumen of endoplasmic reticulum Ca Membrane of endoplasmic reticulum 2 " GDP GTP GTP (5b) Phospholipase C PIP 2 3 IP3 DAG (6c) Calmodulin Protein kinase Protein-P © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. (4a) 6b Protein kinase C ATP + protein Extracellular fluid (5a) Response in cell (contraction, metabolism, transport) ADP protein- p (6a) Response in cell Response in cell (contraction, secretion) Cytosol Which Ga protein activates phospholipase C? Which secondary messenger opens the ligand gated ion channel? What does a kinase do? What does a phosphatase do?
- . What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. You add a signal sequence (for the ER) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into charged amino acids. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other hydrophobic amino acids. 4 You move the N-terminal ER signal sequence to the C-terminal end of the protein.Can I get help? Draw a schematic depicting how the cellular GTP:GDP concentration ratio facilitates the mechanism whereby GEFs induce G proteins to exchange GTP for GDP.Focus on the interaction of ATP with the kinase first. Would you say ATP binds on the surface of the kinase or in a cleft? What color are the phosphorus atoms? What color are the Mn2+ ions?Which part of ATP do the Mn2+ ions interact with?
- WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes the lacoperator so that the active repressor cannot bind. Howwould this affect the cell’s production of β-galactosidase?. WHAT IF? Suppose a cell’s membrane potential shiftsfrom -70 mV to -50 mV. What changes in the cell’spermeability to K+or Na+could cause such a shift?Please note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <
- Classify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases Phosphatases Answer Bank Neither Both may use ATP as a phosphoryl group donor PKA (protein kinase A) is an example regulate the activity of other proteins catalyze dephosphorylation reactions in eukaryotes, transfer phosphoryl groups to acidic amino acids catalyze reactions that are the reverse of dephosphorylation reactions add phosphoryl groups to proteins turn off signaling pathways triggered by kinasesWhat is the function of a phosphatase? A phosphatase removes phosphorylated amino acids from proteins. A phosphatase removes the phosphate group from phosphorylated amino acid residues in a protein. A phosphatase phosphorylates serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. A phosphatase degrades second messengers in the cell.Q-Slide #6 Add icons to show what CaMKII does to its substrate proteins Ме СР2 Ca** CP2 Me Glu СВР HAT NMDA-R* CREB Ca** Ca* Ca CAMKII* CAMKII ? The state of the cell shortly after glutamic acid bound its receptor
