What happens when mice that have no microbes are inoculated with healthy fecal material from normal microbe-rich mice? They lose weight because of horizontal gene transfer They gain weight because the new microbes help break down food The mouse genome acquires new genes from the microbes Their immune systems are overwhelmed and they die

How do innate cells recognize pathogens? flagellin PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns) all answers are correct LPS

Stomach acid has a pH of approximately 1 which is very strong. This kills most microbes that reach the stomach. This is the ___ line of defense.     chemical     physical     mechanical     cell mediated

Which of the following can be pathogens? (choose all that apply) Viruses Protists Parasitic worms Fungi Bacteria

You might expect that lysozyme, the protective mechanism included in mammalian tears would protect against which of the following potential pathogens: Each other answer is correct ("all of the above") Archaea Microbial Eukaryotes Bacteria

Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe a method by which the normal microbiome can cause disease? O ingestion of food contaminated with an enteric pathogen O spread of infection in an individual with complement factor deficiency O invasion of tissues through surgical wounds O a cancerous lesion in the colon

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana, most people who are 65 and above are likely to be deficient in which of the following? Vitamin K Calories Sodium Vitamin B Vitamin D.

#11

Which of the following is NOT a change in behavior that can negatively alter microbial composition? O use of preterm antibiotics during pregnancy O larger family size use of antibacterial soaps O reduced breastfeeding

Which of the following statements about the microbiome is FALSE? Defects in microbiome composition can have dire effects on human health. A human microbiome is inherited from the mother and father. There are ten times more microbial cells than human cells in the body. O Microbiomes are contained in defined and relatively independent parts of the body.