What force(s) act(s) to move potassium ions from the inside of the cell to the outsidewhen a neuron is about to enter the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?O a) The sodium-potassium pumpOb) The electrical (electrostatic) gradient onlyOc) The concentration (chemical) gradient onlyd) Both the concentration (chemical) gradient and the electrical (electrostatic)gradient

The electrical signal that moves quickly and briefly along the axon of a neuron is called an action…

What force(s) act(s) to move potassium ions from the inside of the cell to the outside when a neuron is about to enter the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential? a) The sodium-potassium pump Ob) The electrical (electrostatic) gradient only Oc) The concentration (chemical) gradient only O d) Both the concentration (chemical) gradient and the electrical (electrostatic) gradient

What force(s) act(s) to move potassium ions from the inside of the cell to the outside when a neuron is about to enter the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential? a) The sodium-potassium pump Ob) The electrical (electrostatic) gradient only Oc) The concentration (chemical) gradient only O d) Both the concentration (chemical) gradient and the electrical (electrostatic) gradient

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RE: Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for...

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1.A poison causes a drastic rise inE value with stimulation of the membrane.Thereafter membrane is slow to return towards resting membrane potential and levels off several millivolts above the threshold potential. This poison has likely affect which feature of the membrane? a) voltage gated na+ channels. b) voltage gated K+ channels. c) Na+/K+ Atp pump 2. All cell membrane demonstrate action potential if stimulated enough? True/False. 3. how many peaks are there in a compound action potential? a)2. b)4 c)6 d)8 4. Increasing the ionic concentration in the salt bridge results in E value increase to a point after which it plateeus. This is evidence brownian movement at work in the ionic solution that is keeping from energy flowing through the bridge with the fidelity that is seen in the metal bridge? True/ False 5. All cell membrane demonstrate action potential if stimulated enough? True or False.
Choose the correct answer: A) When the voltage gated K+ channels open K+ moves down its concentration gradient from the ECF to inside the cell. O B) The value for resting membrane potential is closer to the EK+ (Equilibrium potential for K+) than the ENa+ O C) When the membrane potential is at rest the membrane is more permeable to Na+ than it is to K+ O D) Closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channels increases the permeability of the membrane to Na+
Which of the following is ther eason why the potassium leaves the cell readily at the peak of the action potential?A) The sodium-potassium pumps work hard to return potassium to the extracellular fluid. B) Diffusion will continue to push potassium into the cell, but electrostatic pressure will move potassium out of the cell. C) Diffusion will push potassium out of the cell, but electrostatic pressure continues to attract potassium to the interior of the cell. D) Both diffusion and electrostatic pressure will cause potassium to exit the cell.
If a cell with the following ion concentrations had a resting membrane potential of -40mV which of the following can you conclude? Extracellular: Cl- = 110 mM, Na+ = 145 mM, K+ = 5mM. Intracellular Cl- = 20 mM, Na+ = 10 mM, K+ = 140mM a) At rest it is only permeable to potassium b) At rest it has some permeability to more than one of these ions c) At rest it is only permeable to chloride d) Rest it is not permeable to sodium
A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.
Match each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.
what is the role of (1) electrochemical gradient created by ions, (2) permeability of the membrane proteins to such ions, (3) strength of stimulus, and (4) duration of the refractory period in the generation and propagation of action potential.
Hyperkalemia is a condition by which ECF potassium levels become too high (usually due to kidney failure). Consider the following questions about the consequence of hyperkalemia on membrane potential. How would hyperkalemia affect EK? Considering your answer to the previous question, how would hyperkalemia affect membrane potential?
Which of the fallowing is required to generate a membrane potential? I. A concentration gradient of ions II. Presence of neurotransmitters II. Semipermeable membrane a) II only b) I only c) II and III d) I and III
The membrane potential for an excitable cell membrane is -70 mV, for sodium ions the Nernst equilibrium potential is +50 mV, the conductivity of the single sodium channel is 10 pS. What is the electrochemical potential difference that is the driving force for sodium ions to migrate? How much current flows through an open sodium channel under these conditions?
But how would I find the number for the membrane potential after it becomes more permeable? Is there an equation to use?
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to ionic concentrations at the normal resting membrane potential? O lower sodium, and higher potassium and chloride inside relative to outside of neurons. () higher sodium and potassium, and lower chloride inside relative to outside of neurons. lower sodium and chloride, and higher potassium inside relative to outside neurons lower sodium, potassium, and chloride inside relative to outside of neurons.