What explains the observation that some forms of porphyria are associated with jaundice while others are not? Some porphyrias, but not all, are due to defects in heme metabolizing enzymes that cause a buildup of bilirubin, which causes jaundice. Some porphyrias, but not all, are due to defects in heme metabolizing enzymes that increase urobilin, which is yellow and concentrated in urine. Some porphyrias, but not all, are due to defects in ABO blood type enzymes that cause a buildup of bilirubin, which causes jaundice. Some porphyrias, but not all, are due to defects in heme metabolizing enzymes that cause a buildup of biliverdin, which is green in color. 271

Which statements are an example of a virulence factor? Mark those that are example.

If there is a causal relationship between the presence of H. pylori and ulcers, how might you explain that 50% of the patients with a normal endoscopic examination were infected with the bacteria?

The signs and symptoms of botulism are caused by: Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) caused by Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum infecting and destroying peripheral nerve cells Clostridium botulinum exotoxin stimulating (turning on) the relaxation pathway in the brain None of the other four answers are correct Clostridium botulinum infecting and destroying central nervous system cells

A 27-year-old male of Mediterranean descent presented to his GP complaining of fatigue and some discomfort and pain in his abdomen. During the examination, the GP noted some mild splenomegaly and tenderness. On closer examination, some scleral icterus was noted. Subsequent lab results showed marginally elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and bilirubin, and a slight decrease in haemoglobin. Describe the likely clinical scenario for this patient.

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Which streptococci are implicated in the development of dental caries? What is the mechanism of their formation?

for acrolein taint to occur glycerol is metabolized in the presents of  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  1) catechin  2) epicatechin  3)  anthocyanins  4)  ferulic acid  5) m caftaric acid by Lactobacillus buchneri.

What drugs would you recommend for Tetanus treatment? Explain the mechanism of action of the toxin from Clostridium botulinum. How this mechanism can be used for clinical and cosmetic purposes, including treatment of facial wrinkles?