What conclusion can be drawn from embryological development? Insect and bird wings are similar in function but not in structure. Paleontologists have used fossils to trace the evolution of the modern camel. Many organisms have structures with no apparent function found during embryo development. The presence of gill slits and tails in early vertebrate embryos shows that they may share a common ancestor.

Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are   1. an analogy 2. an exaptation 3. a living fossil 4. a transitional trait 5. a vestigial structure

You are a scientist trying to determine the relationship between the organisms below. On a separate sheet of paper create a cladogram that represents how these animals are related. the words below in bold, must be used on your cladogram 1. Divide the animals into two groups depending on if they possess vertebrae. 2. Divide the vertebrates into groups according whether they have an amniotic egg or not. (Hint: keep the animals who give live birth with the amniotic egg animals.) 3. Divide those who have amniotic eggs according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 4. Divide those with endoskeleton according to whether or not they give live birth. 5. Divide those with live birth depending on if they possess opposable thumbs. 6. Return to your invertebrates. Divide them according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 7. Divide those with exoskeletons according to whether they possess wings. Owl Turtle Spider Butterfly Chimpanzee Octopus Toad Elephant

Flight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.