Flight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.

List three groups of adaptations that guided vertebrate evolution, and explain how each has contributed to the success of vertebrates.

Dinosaur and ancestral bird fossil data from the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time periods were used to estimate body mass. Scientists are examining the connection between body mass, niche saturation, and extinction of species in the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time periods. The terrestrial dinosaurs’ neck length and diet are compared to the evolution of the winged dinosaur through the three time periods.   Which of the following statements best states the null hypotheses regarding winged dinosaurs? The greater number of herbivore dinosaurs throughout all the periods inhibited the evolution of winged dinosaurs due to a lack of available resources and habitat. A greater number of winged dinosaurs of the early Cretaceous period become extinct as fewer winged dinosaurs with greater body mass evolve to take over their niche. The extinction of long-necked herbivores in the late Jurassic period provided a greater amount of habitat and food resources for early Cretaceous…

Which of the following is NOT an ancestral trait in primates?   A. Trichromacy   B. Having Nocturnal Adaptations   C. Fur   D. Claws