What are the four parts of cell signaling?

Define cell signalling.

Many common medications function by interrupting the normal operation of certain signal transduction pathways. Which of the following describes a possible mechanism by which a certain medication may interrupt a signal transduction pathway? A A medication enters the target cell and triggers apoptosis by causing the release of di- gestive enzymes from cell lysosomes. B A medication interacts with the phospholipid bi-layer of the cell membrane and in- creases its permeability. с D A medication binds to membrane-bound glucose proteins and acts as an allosteric in- hibitor that prevents the intake of glucose by the cell. A medication diffuses through the membrane of a target cell and inhibits an enzyme that normally synthesizes a second messenger.

What is janus kinases (JAKs)?

In terms of cell communication, compare and contrast the action of hydrophilic versus hydrophobic ligands (signaling molecules). What type of receptor is used by these ligands? How does each type of ligand influence cell activity?

What is mediator and how does it work?

Explain the roles of cell signaling in DNA transcription and protein synthesis. (example)

Consider the amino acids on the image below. Which of the following amino acids would be most likely to be found in the part of an integral membrane protein that is located within the membrane? (Select all answers that apply.) Asparagine (Asn)   Lysine (Lys)   Phenylalanine (Phe)   Valine (Val)   Glutamic acid (Glu)  Methionine (Met)

Which are several subfamilies of plasma membrane G proteins?

Name the four essential elements in cell communication.