What are clamshell/beach markings? Explain their significance in terms of the conditions experienced during the life of a failed component, and their value in failure analysis.

I. List the importance of the impact test and limitations. II. Which material (i.e., C1045-CF, Cast Iron, AL7075-T6) was more ductile? Explain the effect of carbon content and finishing process on ductility. II. How did temperature affect the toughness of the specimens? IV. Based on these results, which material would be better to use for constructing an earthquake resistant structure? Explain. V. The following picture shows Charpy fracture surfaces of a material with different initial temperatures, after testing. Which of these figures, i.e., (a) to (e), is related to the lowest temperature? Explain. (d)

You have been asked to obtain an object/structure/component that has failed (It may come fromyour home, workshop, an automobile repair shop, a machine shop, and so on) and investigate to:1. Determine the cause and type of failure (i.e., simple fracture, fatigue, creep).2. What are the working and environmental conditions that causes the failure?3. Propose measures that can be taken to prevent future incidents of this type of failure.4. After you have determined the failure type of your case study, your leader asked you to writeshortly about the other mechanisms of failures.

A reciprocating type ball-on-disc tribometer was used to measure the tribological behaviour of the thermally sprayed cobalt oxide coatings against the alumina (Ø 6.35 mm) counterface. After wear testing at high temperatures, the area of the wear tracks was 300 μm² measured by a white light microscope. The following parameters were used for sliding wear testing. Parameters Applied load (N) Sliding velocity (cm/s) Test frequency (Hz) Track length (mm) Total sliding cycles Total sliding distance (m) Values 10 3.14 1 10 2500 50 Determine the wear volume in mm³ that was removed during the sliding process and the specific wear rate (mm³/N.m.).