Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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What amino acid residue gets phosphorylated on the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase protein?
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- Give typed explanationarrow_forwardTwo protein kinases, barley kinase and hops kinase, function sequentially in an intracellular signaling pathway. If either kinase contains a mutation that permanently inactivates it, no response is seen in cells when an extracellular signal is received. A mutation that permanently activates barley results in a response even when there is no extracellular signal. You characterize a double mutant in which hops has the inactivating mutation and barley has the activating mutation. You observe that a response is seen in the double mutants even in the absence of an extracellular signal. In the normal signaling pathway, does barley phosphorylate hops or does hops phosphorylate barley? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat areas of the brain do you think are affected when there is a decreased expression of ERα mRNA and how may this lead to behavioral changes in the brain?arrow_forward
- You are in a research lab studying the function of the mutated form of a receptor called Protein X, which results in disruptive symptoms in human patients: extreme fatigue, low blood pressure, and dizziness among other symptoms that may be affecting the reproductive system. From detailed genetic studies, you have found that there is a mutation in the region where the Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) of Protein X is, which may account for the symptoms seen in patients. What kind of receptor is Protein X most likely to be? Select one: O a. Steroid Family Receptor O b. GPCR Growth Hormone Receptor O d. Thyroid Hormone Receptorarrow_forwardWhat are kinases? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Enzymes which add acetyl groups to amino acids. b Enzymes which add phosphates to amino acids. C e Enzymes which remove phosphates from amino acids. Enzymes which activate proteins in signaling cascades. Enzymes which add phosphate groups to DNA.arrow_forwardNotch is an important transmembrane receptor that is present on the plasma membrane. Curiously, it possesses a proteolytic cleavage site and an NLS in its intracellular domain. In a protein fragment complementation experiment the Notch receptor was fused to the N-terminal portion of GFP on its intracellular domain. Another protein that is known to act in the nucleus to mediate the Notch signal following its activation was fused to the C-terminal region of GFP. When both are expressed in the same cell, GFP is observed in the nucleus. In 3-4 sentences provide an explanation that would account for the expression of GFP exclusively in the nucleus.arrow_forward
- Mutant tyrosine kinase signaling proteins are implicated in many types of human cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars are required for the basic research and development of a new drug. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs have been approved for cancer treatments by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. What do you think would be some of the difficulties of finding these drugs given that similar kinases are active in normal cells? Do you think new medications of this type should be developed through government-sponsored research? Why or why not? If not, what alternatives do you propose?arrow_forwardWhich protein in G-protein cascades plays a role similar to that of elongation factor Ts?arrow_forwardATR is a protein kinase that is activated by double stranded DNA breaks. a) True Ob) Falsearrow_forward
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