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Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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
Transcribed Image Text:Use arguments based on resonance and electronegativity effects to explain the trend in
carbonyl IR stretching frequencies from higher frequency for esters and carboxylic acids
to lower frequencies for amides. (Hint: Use the range of carbonyl stretching frequen-
cies for aldehydes and ketones as the "base" frequency range of an unsubstituted car-
bonyl group and consider the influence of electronegative atoms on the carbonyl group
and/or atoms that alter the resonance hybrid of the carbonyl.) What does this
about the way the nitrogen atom influences the distribution of electrons in an amide
carbonyl group?
suggest
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- Which do you expect to have a more intense and concentrated “hot spot” of negative charge: methoxide ion or bicarbonate ion? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements from Chapter 8 and 18 is FALSE? O For a compound to be classified as aromatic, it must have an odd number of pairs of r-electrons and must be fully conjugated, cyclic and planar. O Inclusion of heteroatoms as part of the conjugated ring system renders the molecule to be considered non-aromatic. O Benzene is a six-membered ring where the r-electrons are equally shared across all six carbons in the ring and thus it possesses 36 kcal/mol of resonance stabilization energy. O All EAS reactions follow the same three mechanistic steps: (1) generate the electrophile, (2) capture the electrophile to give a carbocation intermediate, and (3) loss of a proton to regain aromaticity.arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
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