The cellular response to a particular extracellular signal molecule depends on its binding to a specific receptor located on the surface of a target cell. Receptors are chemically protein or glycoprotein molecules which bind to signaling molecules called as ligands. Binding of a ligand to its membrane receptor causes a conformational change in the receptor that initiates a sequence of reactions leading to a specific cellular response. Membrane receptors are generally proteins which act as signal transducers for activating intercellular messengers and cellular responses. There are three major types of membrane receptors: G protein coupled receptors, Enzyme linked receptors, Fast ligand-gated ion channels.
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