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- A family travels from New York City to Costa Rica three times a year for a vacation. The family would like to purchase some forested land in the Catskills, keeping the trees intact as an offset to the carbon dioxide they produce travelling each year. How much forest must they purchase? Use the following assumptions to measure the carbon offset provided by this intact forest. • The biomass of the forest increases at an annual rate of 2.8 × 105 kg/ha. • The forest biomass is 45% carbon by mass. • There are four people in the family. • 0.2 kg of CO2 is produced each mile per person on the flight. • The round-trip distance is 4,500 miles. • There are 2.47 acres in one hectare. 1. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is accumulated and stored in 1.0 ha of this forest in one year. 2. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is emitted by the family as a result of their round-trip flights to Costa Rica each year. 3. Calculate the number of acres of forest that must be…A family travels from New York City to Costa Rica three times a year for a vacation. The family would like to purchase some forested land in the Catskills, keeping the trees intact as an offset to the carbon dioxide they produce travelling each year. How much forest must they purchase? Use the following assumptions to measure the carbon offset provided by this intact forest. The biomass of the forest increases at an annual rate of 2.8 × 105 kg/ha. The forest biomass is 45% carbon by mass. There are four people in the family. 2 kg of CO2 is produced each mile per person on the flight. The round-trip distance is 4,500 miles. There are 2.47 acres in one hectare. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is accumulated and stored in 1.0 ha of this forest in one year. Show your work. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is emitted by the family as a result of their round-trip flights to Costa Rica each year. Show your work. Calculate the number of acres of forest…The following graph shows the values of radiation and photosynthesis of quelite plants (Amaranthus hybridus) measured in four days during a month. Answer the relationship between both variables and what implications they have for the adaptation of this species to radiation. Photosynthesis in (umol CO2 m-2 s-1) 100 80 40 20 O lh 1 2 3 4 Date 2100 1600 1100 600 100 -400 Radiation in (umol m-2 S-1) Photosynthesis Radiation Active photosynthetic radiation compared to Photosynthesis of Quelite in 4 different dates: 1=June 8, 2=June 25, 3=June 26 and 4-June 27
- The graph shows the rate of transpiration (Est) for four plant species. Nothofagus dombeyi was the species that showed the highest value of transpiration and is considered a fast-growing pioneer species, while Laureliopsis philippiana had a lower transpiration and is a slow-growing species to spare. How do these characteristics relate to the transpiration shown on the graph? 0.10 0.08 b 0.07- 0.06 11 0.05 b' 4 0.04 0.03 0.02 N. dombeyi Est (I cm-2dia-¹) 0.09 0.01 0.00 E. cordifolia G. avellana с L. philippiana 3.0 -2.5 -2.0 1.5 1.0 Ax:Ag (%) - 0.5 0.0Use mathematical and computational thinking to extrapolate your measurements obtained from the grid area to the entire pool to determine the total algal biomass in this pool. Assume the area covered by algae is equivalent to 30% of the pool's surface area. Extrapolate the total algal biomass present in the pool from your data. Algal biomass collected: 0.162 g Area scraped: 0.772 m2 Pool surface area: 28 m2 Pool's estimated total algal biomass: Enter value.. g HintGiven the information in the graph what conclusion can you make with respect to the relationship between climate change (increasing global temperatures) and the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by land ecosystems? Explain, using information from the graph to support your explanation.
- Discussions about the likelihood of life on other planets often focus on 7 points their proximity to a sun-like star. How different might life on Earth be if the planet's distance from the sun were considerably greater? How will this affect the biogeochemical cycle and the energy flow in the ecosystem? Expound and Justify. For 3-5 sentences onlyInterconnectedness of the Biosphere and Atmosphere Question: Please propose an explanation for the correlation between the annual fluctuations of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass shown in the figures below. Describe the mechanisms that lead to the correlation you proposed. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT Northern Hemisphere SCIAMACHY 390 Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA (3397 m), NOAA/ESRL Mace Head, Ireland (25 m), NOAA/ESRL 380 SCIAMACHY 370 XCO, [ppm] 364 376 388 360 Michael.Buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de NOAA data: ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/flask/month/ 350 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Year Fig. 1: Annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean. MMMM Winter Summer 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 В I Integrated CO, mixing ratio [ppm] DIThe carbon cycle is nature’s way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again. Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms. Evaluate the carbon cycle model. Predict the changes that would occur within the carbon cycle as a result of deforestation. Choose all that apply A) there would be less carbon in the soil due to the loss of trees B) there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to less plant respiration C) there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to decreasing photosynthesis D) there would be an increase in oceanic carbon due to increasing atmospheric levels E) there would be an increase in atmospheric carbon due to increased emissions from burning of trees
- What is the relationship between an increase in fossil fuel consumption and increased carbon in terrestrial plants? How might this change flora populations? What impact could twenty years at this level of consumption have on flora? What is the relationship between an increase in total carbon concentration (the smokestack) and increased carbon in the ocean surface? How might this change marine life populations? What impact could fifty years at this level of emissions have on marine fauna? On marine flora? In addition to circulating through the carbon cycle, where else might excess carbon be found? In fifty years, where would you be most likely to see excess carbon? Which areas are most highly (and quickly) affected by an increase in carbon emissions (and increase in fossil fuel consumption)? How would these effects manifest themselves? What are the dangers/benefits to these areas?This figure has three graphs that have important implications for understanding how carbon flow and elements cycle through ecosystems through decomposition. The figures show data on the decomposition rates in a tropical forest. Please select all of the statements that are reasonable of at least one of the figures. interpretations Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 0 to 50 days (b) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 Leaf mass remaining (percent) (a) 100% 80 4 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 Days of decomposition 12 16 8 Leaf solubility (mg C/g dry leaf) (c) Daily rate of mass loss (k) from 51 to 230 days 0.009 0.006 0.003 0.000 200 Trumpet tree Inga tree Kapok tree Brazilian firetree 250 2 3 Ratio of leaf lignin:leaf nitrogen 4 Relyea, Ecology, 9e, Ⓒ2021 W. H. Freeman and Company O Leaves that release more soluble carbon pounds decompose much faster than those that release less Leaves that are rich in nitrogen relative to lignin decompose much faster increasing the rate of the nitrogen…Scientists at the Global Footprint Network calculate the energycomponent of our ecological footprint by estimating the amountof ecologically productive land and sea required to absorb thecarbon released from fossil fuel combustion. This translates into4.9 ha of the average American’s 7.2-ha ecological footprint.Another way to think about our footprint, however, is to estimatehow much land would be needed to grow biomass with anenergy content equal to that of the fossil fuel we burn.Assume that you are an average American who burns about6.3 metric tons of oil-equivalent in fossil fuels each year andthat average terrestrial net primary productivity (p. 32) can beexpressedas 0.0037 metric tons/ha/year. Calculate how manyhectares of land it would take to supply our fuel use by presentdayphotosynthetic production. Compare the energy component of your ecological footprintcalculated in this way with the 4.9 ha calculated usingthe method of the Global Footprint Network. Explainwhy results from…