Through the Human Genome Project (HGP), a relatively accuratehuman genome sequence was published from combined samplesfrom multiple individuals. It serves as a reference for a haploidgenome. How do results from personal genome projects (PGP)differ from those of the HGP?
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Through the Human Genome Project (HGP), a relatively accurate
human genome sequence was published from combined samples
from multiple individuals. It serves as a reference for a haploid
genome. How do results from personal genome projects (PGP)
differ from those of the HGP?
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Solved in 3 steps
- Do all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:Traditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?What are some of the technical challenges of cloning a mammoth? Check all that are true Ancient mammoth DNA has degraded so it is hard to know the complete genome sequence Mammoth gestation time is likely too short to allowing cloning A living surrogate mother would have to be used, which could pose problems since the closest relative to mammoths is endangered elephants A living oocyte would have to be obtained from an extant species, which could pose problems since the closest relative to mammoths is endangered elephants Mammoths lived so long ago that they used a different genetic code than modern animals There are no enzymes in existence that could ligate together mammoth DNA sequence with elephant sequence Mammoths probably had egg shells, which would be hard to penetrate with a needle
- a) Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates computer science with mathematics and statistics to solve biological questions. Many bioinformatics tools for gene prediction, homology modelling and such are available free online. (i) How can online tools such as BLAST and FASTA assist in our genomics research? Is the sequence below in FASTA format? Justify your answer. >gi 129295|sp|P01013 | OVAX_CHICK GENE X PROTEIN (OVALBUMIN-RELATED) QIKDLLVSSSTDLDTTLVLVNAIYFKGMWKTAFNAEDTREMPFHVTKQESKPVQMMCMNNSFNVATLPAE KMKILELPFASGDLSMLVLLPDEVSDLERIEKTINFEKLTEWTNPNTMEKRRVKVYLPQMKIEEKYNLTS VLMALGMTDLFIPSANLTGISSAESLKISQAVHGAFMELSEDGIEMAGSTGVIEDIKHSPESEQFRADHP (ii) FLFLIKHNPTNTIVYFGRYWSPDescribe the three basic goals of the Human Genome Project. What are at least three things we have learned from the project? Do you believe it was a worthwhile project? Why or why not?In 1995, Hamilton Smith, Craig Venter and co-workers published the first complete genome sequence of a self-sustaining organism, that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed that the organism does not have a gene that could encode a telomerase enzyme. What is the potential evolutionary consequence of this? Explain your answer.
- Researchers in search of loci in the human genome that arelikely to contribute to the constellation of factors leading tohypertension have compared candidate loci in humans and rats[Stoll, M., et al. (2000). New Target Regions for Human Hypertensionvia Comparative Genomics. Genome Res. 10:473–482].Through this research, they identified 26 chromosomal regionsthat they consider likely to contain hypertension genes. Howcan comparative genomics aid in the identification of genesresponsible for such a complex human disease? The researchersstate that comparisons of rat and human candidate loci tothose in the mouse may help validate their studies. Why mightthis be so?If you had the ability to do gene editing with ONE gene for the betterment of human kind, which one would you choose, and why? Assume you could either change an abnormal allele associated with a disease, such as the cystin gene associated with Cystic Fibrosis to its normal wild type, or add a pre-existing human allele to a genome.Explain how the different “-omics” involved with the three major parts of the central dogma can be used to study this new species. What are molecular techniques/tools (sequencers) that can be used to study each of these? How would you sequence the genome efficiently (i.e., lowest amount of time and money)?
- Traditional Sanger sequencing has largely been replaced in recent years by next-generation and third-generation sequencing approaches. Describe advantages of these sequencing methods over first-generation Sanger sequencing.When the S.cerevisiae genome was sequenced and surveyed for possible genes, only about 40% of those genes had been previously identified in forward genetic screens. This left about 60% of predcited genes with no known function, leading some to dub the genes fun (function unknown) genes. a)As an approach to understanding the function of a certain fun gene, you wish to create a loss of function allele. How would you do this? b)You wish to know the physical location of the encoded protein product. How would you obtain such information?Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell Which of the following statement/s is/are most relevant to the birth of Dolly? I. It suggests that human could be cloned. II. It proves that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. III. It improves the production of milk, meat, and other products from livestock. IV. It proves that animals could be cloned to have gene mutations that help scientists study diseases that develop in the animals. A. II only B. I and II C. III, and IV D. II, III, and IV Which of the following statements best explain the significance of mitosis and ? A. Both mitosis and meiosis produce diploid cells which responsible for the continuity of life. B. Many single-celled organisms rely on mitosis and meiosis as their primary means of asexual reproduction C. replication, cells have another interesting choice, whether they want to make an identical copy, or do they want to make four half-copies…