There are two competing processes for the manufacture of lactic acid, chemical and biochemical syntheses. The chemical synthesis involves the hydrocyanation of acetaldehyde, while the biochemical synthesis involves the fermentation of sugars or starch. Discuss the TWO advantages and THREE disadvantages of synthesising lactic acid via the biochemical route.

Q: Give the full biochemical name for a D-aldopentose with the following pattern of chiral centers:…

A: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and they are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with a…

Q: Draw in detail the pathway of de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate and provide a brief…

A: First carbamoyl phosphate is synthesized , which then enters the de-novo synthesis pathway for…

Q: 4- a-keto-B- а- Phenylpyruvate hydroxyphenylpyruvate e methylvalerate ketoisocaproate dioxygenase…

A: AMINO ACIDS  PRODUCT ACCUMULATED  Tyrosine 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase  Leucine…

Q: Why is the reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase considered a condensation reaction?

A: The citric acid cycle is the oxidation metabolic pathway that leads to the production of electrons…

Q: A biochemist is trying to determine the type of proteases they have isolated from walrus blubber.…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: What is the optimal pH for catalase? Why do you think it become less effective at high or low pH

A: A protein called catalase is an enzyme that catalyses or quickens chemical  processes. In the human…

Q: Gout is a medical condition usually caused by a deficiency of the salvage enzyme…

A: Introduction: Allopurinol is the first choice of drug in the condition of chronic gout (long-term…

Q: rovide a stepwise mechanism for the synthesis of curcumin

A: Curcumin is a nutritional compound located within the rhizome, or rootstalk, of the turmeric plant.

Q: Below is an extract which describes the mechanism of action of aldolase during the cleavage of…

A: The aldolase enzyme breaks down the Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate molecule to liberate a molecule of…

Q: Which of the following conversions require more than one step? 1. Alanine Ⓡpyruvate 2. Aspartate…

A: Solution:- The 5th option is correct i.e Proline ®glutamate.Reason- Conversion of Proline ®glutamate…

Q: 6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON) irreversibly inhibits glutamine-dependent amidotransferases. CH=N+=N-…

A: Introduction: DON is a water-soluble glutamine enemy which was separated initially from Streptomyces…

Q: ATP hydrolysis to make the ________ of glutamine biosynthetically active.

A: Glutamine amidotransferase is an important enzyme that actually functions like the transfer of the…

Q: Describe the application of transamination in the biosynthesis of shikimate derivatives. Show how…

A: Shikimic is derived from the Japanese flower shikimi (Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from…

Q: Why is sucrose a non-reducing sugar with Benedict’s solution while lactose is a reducing sugar under…

A: Benedict's reagent  is a chemical reagent  Sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper sulfate…

Q: Considering the general structure of penicillins, how are they rendered ineffective?   Select…

A: Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links of the…

Q: Briefly describe the function of uridine triphosphate (UTP) in carbohydratemetabolism.

A: The pyrimidine, which consists of nucleoside triphosphate and organic base uracil, is called…

Q: Describe two reasons why the reaction glutamine synthetase performs is important to the body.

A: Cells can accumulate nitrogen in the form of ammonia from amino acid degradation, photorespiration…

Q: What is pentose ? Explain with examples ?

A: The four important biomolecules found in the cell are carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and…

Q: How is the glycerol 3-phosphate required for phosphatidate synthesis generated?

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Q: Propose a reaction mechanism for the condensation of an acetyl unit with a malonyl unit to form an…

A: Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. where fatty acid synthesis occurs in two phases.…

Q: The synthesis of microbial cellular features (e.g. sugars and amino acids) can be summarized with…

A: In cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation is a process that plays important role in the…

Q: What is the biochemical rationale for the isomerization of glucose 6- phosphate to fructose…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in every cell. In this process  glucose is broken down into 2…

Q: To purify a given enzyme from a crude extract that contains it, fractional precipitations, exchange…

A: Protein purification is necessary to purify the protein to homogeneity. Homogeneous protein sample…

Q: Consider the dextran sucrase reaction. Why do you suppose there is not an ATP requirement to…

A: Dextran sucrase is an enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction.

Q: Is Lobry Van Bruyn Transformation the same as the Tautomerization of Fructose during Fehling’s test?…

A: The tautomerization process is crucial because it converts the ketone group of the ketose into a…

Q: A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HOCI5)) as the…

A: Bacterial cultures play a crucial role in biodegradation processes, utilizing specific substrates…

Q: Draw the structure of the isoprenoid biogenic precursor of the terpenes and show the steps in the…

A: Terpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons produced by conifers (plants). Their general chemical formula…

Q: What are catalases? Why are they called antioxidant enzymes? Give the industrial applications of…

A: Enzymes are the biocatalyst that increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy…

Q: Match each of the enzymes involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis with the correct description:…

A:

Q: A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HCl5O) as the…

A: Bacterial culture is a method that allows the multiplication of bacterial cells in or on a culture…

Q: Propose a reasonable synthetic route for the preparation of the substituted benzene derivative shown…

A:

Q: Decsribe the reaction of Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate with Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate.

A: Cholesterol is essential to life. It has important functions to do like formation of cell membrane,…

Q: Consider the complete oxidation of a mixed TAG containing the following fatty acid residues: At…

A: Background information for Triglycerides or Triacylglycerols (TAG) Triacylglycerols are a group of…

Q: Identify the structure of O-a-D-sorbopyranosyl-(2 → 4)-B-D-glucopyranose below. The following…

A: The disaccharide of interest here is . Pyranose indicates a 6 membered ring with 5 C and 1 O atom.…

Q: The enzyme prenyl transferase is responsible for condensing isopentenyl pyrophosphate units during…

A: Prenyl transferases These are referred as class of enzymes that are involved in transfering allylic…

Q: One sample of the globular protein peroxidase is hydrolyzed by heating with 6 M HC1. A second…

A: Denaturation is the process of loss of native conformation of the proteins. The agents for…

Q: Determine the amino acid sequence of Peptide A, which was obtained by hydrolyzing a larger peptide…

A: Introduction Proteins are the most abundant macromolecule in our body. Proteins are made up of amino…

Q: Which of the following best describes the molecule below? CH OH H. CHOH H H. OH H OH CHOH H OH OH

A: Carbohydrate is one of the biomolecules among protein and lipid and disaccharide belong to…

Q: How is the glycerol 3-phosphate required for phosphatidate synthesis generated?

A: Phosphatidate is an essential biomolecule as phospholipids which form an essential part of the cell…