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Short Answer: When you add salt to water, the boiling point is elevated. Briefly connect this to ideal solutions vs non-ideal solutions  and mention how inter-molecular forces are involved. If two components were added together and the resulting mixture approximated an ideal solution, what do you expect to be true about the molecular nature of the two components, do you expect them to be similar or dissimilar, why?

The balanced equation below is for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid: • Mg(s) + 2HCI(aq) – MgCl,(aq) + H;(g) This reaction can be used to produce hydrogen gas, which is flammable (can catch on fire). If you have 2 moles of pure magnesium (Mg), and 2 moles of hydrochloric acid (HCI), according to the equation which is the limiting reactant? Show your work and/or

A 20 wt% chloroform solution is obtained by mixing chloroform, CHCl3, with acetone, C3H₂O, in an insulated mixer at steady state. For every gram of solution, 9.83 J is removed to keep the system temperature constant at 14°C. Determine the enthalpy of mixing for this solution.

The analysis of pesticides for environmental extracts using chromatography typically requires a solvent exchange from dichloromethane (DCM) to a chromatograph-compatible solvent such as hexane. If DCM and hexane can be separated after the procedure, they can be recycled to reduce waste. A mixture of liquid hexane and DCM (50wt% hexane) is fed to an evaporator resulting in a vapor containing 70wt% hexane and liquid containing 10wt% hexane.a. Draw and label a flowchart for a continuous and steady-state process with a feed rate of 200.0 kg/min. Write out the general mass balance equations for total mass and hexane. Explain why you are discarding any of the terms. Solve the equations to find the mass flow rates of the vapor and liquid streams leaving the evaporator.b. Draw and label a flowchart if the process is performed in a closed container filled initially with 200.0 kg of the 50:50 mixture. Write out the integral mass balances for total mass and hexane. Explain why you are discarding…

An ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and acetone mixture (60% acetone by mass) is combined with water to make a final solution where the mole fraction of water is 0.700. Determine the volume of water that must be added per kg of ethanol fed to form the final solution. Report your answer in liters of water.

A liquid mixture containing 30.0 mol% benzene (B), 25.0% toluene (T), and the rest xylene (X) feeds a distillation column. The bottom product contains 98.0 mol% X and no B, and 96.0% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The top product feeds a second column. The top product of the second column contains 97.0% of the B in the feed to this column. The composition of this stream is 94.0 mol% B and the rest T. (a) Draw and label a flow diagram for this process and perform a degree of freedom analysis to prove that, for an assumed basis of calculation, the molar flow rates and compositions of all process streams can be calculated with the given information. Write the equations you would solve in order to calculate the unknown process variables. In each equation (or set of simultaneous equations), indicate the variables you would solve for. Do not perform any calculations yet. (b) Calculate (i) the percentage of benzene in the process feed (i.e., the feed to the first column)…

A continuous fractionating column is required to separate a binary mixture containing 0.20 mole fraction of A into a top product of 0.95 mole fraction A, and a bottom product containing 0.02 mole fraction A. The feed is liquid at its boiling point. The vapour leaving the column is condensed but not cooled, and the reflux ratio is 9:1. The relative volatility (a) remains constant at 1.85 and the vapour and liquid equilibrium data are in the form: α = y(1-x) x(1-y) Calculate: (a) the number of theoretical plates required; (b) the position of the feed plate;

n-Hexane is burned with excess air. An analysis of the product gas yields the following dry-basis molar composition: 6.87% CO2, 1.16% CO, 0.539% C6H14 (with the remainder O2 and N2). The stack gas emerges at 760 mm Hg. Calculate the percentage conversion of hexane, the percentage excess air fed to the burner, and the dew point of the stack gas, taking water to be the only condensable species. a. What is the percent conversion of n-hexane? b. What is the percentage by which air is fed in excess? c. What is the dew point of the stack gas (assuming that water is the only condensable species)?

In a process to synthesize the pain reliever acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, also known as aspirin), the effluent stream from the final reactor contains 11 wt% ASA and 2 wt% sodium acetate in water. The final dry product is to be obtained by drying, crystallizing, or some combination. The product  purity, measured as wt% ASA in the final dry powder, is a key value. If the water is evaporated off, what product purity results? The sodium acetate can be considered to be infinitely soluble in water, so an alternative process is suggested. Part of the water is removed by evaporation, then the concentrated solution is cooled to crystallize some pure ASA. The filter cake, which contains 1 kg entrained solution for each 4 kg of ASA crystals, is then dried. At the crystallizer/filter temperature, the solubility of ASA in water is 35 wt%. If enough water is evaporated so that half of the ASA fed is recovered as dry product, what is the ASA product final purity? How much water is removed per 100 kg of…