The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in A) urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH. B) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate. C) NaCl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with 4ocal chemical messengers. D) systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in A) urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH. B) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate. C) NaCl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with 4ocal chemical messengers. D) systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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) The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in a.) A) urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH. b.) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate. c.) Nacl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with local chemical messengers. d.) systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the pituitary gland and regulates the body's fluid volume and osmolality by affecting the number of active aquaporins (water channels) in the proximal tubules and the collecting duct. But what is it, above all, that drives the filtrate out of the tubules? a) Osmotic pressure formed depending on the composition of the filtrate b) Osmotic gradient in the medullary (kidney marrow) c) Hydrostatic pressure from the filtrate in tubules d) Blood pressure in the capillary
a)Name the two factors that trigger the release of ADH (vasopressin). b) What happens to plasma osmolarity when there is excessive water loss through sweating and it is not replaced? c) Describe the renal regulation of potassium, where is K+, what is the hormone that is responsible for the secretion of K+, the name of the cells, and the location in the nephron where the fine-tuning of K+ occurs.
Tubular transport maximum (Tm) is (a) the maximum rate at which a substance in the filtrate can be reabsorbed into the blood from the renal tubules (b) the most rapid rate at which urine can be transported through the ureter (c) the maximum rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed by theglomerulus (d) the maximum rate at which a substance can pass through the loop of Henle (e) the maximum amount of a substance that can be secreted into the filtrate
A 37-year-old man has hypertension caused by aldosterone-secreting neoplasm. Which of the following is the likely effect on renal function? A) Decreased reabsorption of phosphate by distal tubule (B). Decreased secretion of H+ by collecting duct by collecting duct (C) Decreased secretion of K+ by collecting duct (D) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the collecting duct (E) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the proximal tubule
The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.
Decreased renal blood flow Sympathetic input Angiotensinogen Increased effective blood volume to correct initial stimulus to the system Increased sodium and water reabsorption by nephron collecting duct Renin released by juxtaglomerular cells of nephron cleaves angiotensinogen A) decreased renal blood flow B) increased renal blood flow C) sympathetic input D) angiotensin II negative feedback Stimulating variables: Nitric oxide from macula densa E) increased blood volume CAMP Diuretics Epinephrine Norepinephrine Early part of day Erect posture Hyponatremia Hyperkalem Fig. 17-17. The Feedback Mechanisms Regulating Aldosterone Secretion CAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone Copyright ©2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affliate of Elsevier Inc. (-) Angiotensin I TAldosterone levels Inhibiting variables: Adenosine from macula densa Angiotensin II Adrenergic blocking agents Aldosterone Angiotensin I-converting enzyme in lung Recumbent posture Later part of day P ACTH…
This diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (D) A and B (E) all of the above
The renal threshold of a substance refers to a.) the plasma concentration of the substance below which it does not appear in the urine. b.) the concentration of the substance in the urine that results in an overall increase in urine volume. c.) the number of protein transporters for the substance per tubule. d.) the concentration of the substance found in the kidney before the substance becomes toxic.
Low sodium at the macula densa will cause what effect? a) the macula densa cells to release aldosterone b) constriction of the afferent arteriole to increase glomerular filtration rate c) the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin into the blood stream d) ACE to convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II and cause vasodilation
The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the a.) transport maximum. b.) renal clearance exponent. c.) glomerular filtration rate. d.) net filtration pressure. e.) renal threshold
1) The function of the vasa recta is to _______? A) deliver O2 and nutrients to the renal medulla without reducing its osmolarity B) prevent the concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in the renal medulla from getting too high C) prevent the concentration of urea in the renal medulla from getting too high D) deliver urea to the nephrons so that it can be excreted from the body