The tree below shows the relationship between 4 species. The fossil calibration point is 13 million years old. If are are 6.0 substitutions per 100 base pairs between species A and D, and 1.0 substitutions between species B and D, how long ago (in million years) did the most recent common ancestor of B and D live? Round your answer to two decimal place (0.00). A B C D Fossil calibration point

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A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

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A: A phylogenetic tree, also known as an evolutionary tree, is a diagrammatic representation of the…

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A: Species diversity is a term that describes a broad range of organisms living in a given ecosystem.…

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A: A phylogenetic tree may be a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.…

Q: 1. Which modification occurs as part of transcriptional termination? Explain this modification and…

A: 1 ) ANSWER The maturation of a eukaryotic mRNA from primary mrna transcript  involve many complex…

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A: HAP1 contains genes of Regulatory nature and SCM4 has binding site on its promoter region for HAP1.…

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A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group from pre-existing related organisms.…

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A: Speciation is the process by which new species evolve from existing species. It is the evolutionary…

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A: The phylogenetic tree is the diagrammatic representation of the evolutionary relationship between…

Q: Consider the cladograms below   Which species is extinct in both cladograms? In which cladogram…

A: A cladogram is the graphical representation of the hypothetical relationship (phylogenetic…

Q: Use the character state matrix provided and construct the three possible trees. Calculate the total…

A: Parsimonious phylogenetic tree is the one which contains minimum number of steps in it.

Q: Let's say a 10 nucleotide DNA sequence differs by 5 nucleotides between 2 species  and fossil data…

A: The substitution rate equation is a formula used to calculate the rate of substitution per site per…

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A: Species is a group of organisms which can produce fertile offsprings by reproduction.   When we…

Q: 1. Please examine the character matrix below:. Traits | $ * | 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

A: Evolution means change. It is the study of origin of life.  A phylogenetic tree is used to depict…

Q: Species 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 A A G G B A A G G G G G G G G G E T T G C Phylogeny 1…

A: A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree) is a branched diagram or tree that depicts…

Q: Researchers were working to determine the evolutionary history of modern horses using fossils of…

A: Introduction: Fossils are the traces of ancient life that have been preserved by natural processes,…

Q: 100 75 C 25 A. 25 50 75 100 125 MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO 1. What is the rate of evolution of this gene…

A: The rate of evolution estimates how much an evolutionary lineage has changed over time.  MacFadden's…

Q: Species 1 and 2 are sister species from which you’ve cloned related genes. On the gene tree on the…

A: The answers to the question are given below: (a) Node 2 labelled Gene duplication   (b) Node 1 and…

Q: Using the DNA alignment provided, which of the following phylogenies is the most likely accurate…

A: Phylogeny 2nd is right DEBCA for the given DNA nucleotides.

Q: If the distance between A and D and their last common ancestor (LCA) is 4 and the distance between B…

A: UPGMA is unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean.

Q: The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well…

A: We have a group of seven closely related dragon species with homologous gene sequences. These are…

Q: Based on the most parsimonious tree above, which character independently evolved in more than one…

A: Phylogenetic trees are a tool to represent the evolutionary relationship. The idea is based on the…

Q: Which of the following would be a good outgroup fTor someone wanting to study rectangle creatures?

A: Outgroup : It is a lineage that falls outside the clade being studied but is closely related to that…

Q: A- species H is more closely related to L than G B- Species E is equally distantly related to…

A: The level of classification that contains organisms most closely related is species. The level of…

Q: Report the differences you've observed between the nucleotide sequences of the different species in…

A: Evolution is the process of heritable change in the characteristics of an organism. Such changes…

Q: 5. (top or bottom) Species A, B, C, D, and, E are all extant species (living today; not to be…

A: A has the least number of  nucleotide substitutions from the Orthologus human  gene. B and C are…

Q: After reading the article '' The Hybrid Origin of Modern Humans'' by Rebecca Rogers Ackermann. What…

A: New studies show that the primary cutting- edge natural human beings originated 2000, years in the…

Q: Given the cladogram and the geographic information, is it likely that the Panamanian species arose…

A: Allopatric speciation is caused when a particular species is separated into two geographical…

Q: Explain how evolution occurs after a mass extinction. Give a step-by-step process (use bullet points…

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A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Mutations are alternations in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur either naturally…

Q: In the phylogenetic tree below, character 3 is a: 44+B 1 5 3 C O Ancestral trait O Uniquely derived…

A: Introduction :- Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses regarding a set of organisms' evolutionary…

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A: Phylogenetic analysis is a modern technique to find out evolutionary relationships and genetic…

Q: What information can be easily shown in a cladogram? Select all that applies. I. Parent-offspring…

A: A cladogram is a graphic that depicts possible relationships between organism groupings. A cladogram…

Q: You are evaluating five phylogenetic trees generated from a single cladistics analysis. Tree A shows…

A: Evolution is defined as the change in trait of individuals over a period of time.

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A: Cladogram is a kind of diagrammatic tree which represents the relationship between the different…

Q: Consider the speciation event via which your species O. virginianus White tail deer split from…

A: Speciation is a lineage-splitting evolutionary process that produces two or more separate…

Q: Species A was recently discovered and its DNA sequence was compared to the DNA of the four…

A: DNA sequencing is the way toward deciding the nucleic acid arrangement – the request for nucleotides…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: Below is an aligned DNA sequence dataset for three species and their outgroup. Draw the maximum…

A:

Q: Based on your analysis of the following graph and accompanying cladogram (species have been assigned…

A: A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationship between species. It shows the evolution of…

Q: You are a scientist studying the relationships between lizards, penguins, and parrots. You examine…

A: Evolution :-  It is the biological change of a species over a span of time. The process of evolution…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

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Q: Given the tree able as well as the phylogenetic tree, which organisms are more closely related? Use…

A: Introduction :- Biologists uses two approaches to classify the organisms :- phenetics and cladistics…

Genetic analysis

Genetic analysis refers to the process of studying and analyzing changes in chromosomes or genes using different methods in scientific fields such as genetics and molecular biology. It involves the localization and identification of genes and the detection of inherited or genetic disorders caused by mutations or other abnormal variations in our genome.