The tea leaves that contain the caffeine to be isolated are predominantly composed of cellulose, a natural and extremely abundant polymer of glucose. Look up the chair structure of B-D-glucose (B-D-glucopyranose, the monomer from which the cellulose polymer is composed). Draw this structure, draw the flipped chair, and indicate which conformer you think is more stable, if either. BRIEFLY explain your choice.

Molecular formula for Fructose is C6H1206, Molecular formula for glucose is also C6H12O6. How will you describe each one of them chemically, i. Fructose is a 6- carbon containing Glucose is a 6- carbon containing... .... hexose ...hexose ii. Fructose/ glucose are Furanose/pyranose? Which is which? iii. Why is Sucrose ( a disaccharide containing glucose and fructose) is a non-reducing sugar

Lactose is a disaccharide in which a glycosidic linkage connects the monosaccharides galactose and glucose. OH НО OH (a) Identify the glycosidic linkage and the acetal carbon in lactose. (b) What type of glycosidic linkage does lactose have (i.e., is it 1,1'-, 1,2'-, etc., and is it a or B)? (c) People who are lactose intolerant are deficient in the enzyme lactase, and therefore cannot efficiently break down the disaccharide into its monosaccharides. When lactose is treated with aqueous acid, however, this hydrolysis can take place, though relatively slowly. Draw the complete, detailed mechanism and the products of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lactose. Но ОН НО ОН ОН Lactose

Xylulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does xylulose belong based on the number of carbons and carbonyl functionality?   A) aldotetrose B) aldopentose C) ketotetrose D) ketopentose E) ketohexose