The Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS) was under-taken to determine risk factor for different cancers among Asian women. The women were recruited from urban communities in 1997-2000 and were interviewed every 2 years to obtain health-related information. One issue is whether risk prediction models derived from American populations are also applicable to Asian women. Suppose the expected number of breast cancer cases among a large number of 45-to 49-year-old women in this study who were followed for 7 years is 149, while the observed number of cases is 117. Are there an unusual small number of cases among Asian women? Why or Why not?

Your company has been contracted to organise a K-pop concert at Sydney Olympic Park in September. However, the month of September comes with a lot of rain. Your role as the consultant is to evaluate the risk involved in holding the concert. After consulting with the bureau of meteorology that ranks the weather as 'terrible', 'good', or 'great', you have some estimates of attendance (in thousands). Your estimates show that there is a 20% chance of 'terrible' weather, in which case only 50 (thousand) people will attend the concert. There is 60% chance of 'good' weather, which in which case 80 (thousand) people will attend the concert, and if the weather is great, 100 (thousand) people will attend the concert. Suppose that tickets sell for $5 each and that the total cost for organizing the concert is a fixed $10,000. If profit is defined as the difference between total sales revenue and total cost, the standard deviation of the profit is

The 5-year incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in relation to smoking status was determined in a population sample of 1000 men, 18 years and older. At baseline, 30% of the men were classified as being current smokers and 70% as being non-smokers. At the end of the follow-up, 60 CVD events had occurred among the smokers and 70 events among the non-smokers. What is the relative risk for CVD for smokers compared non-smokers? Please interpret the result.

A journal reported a study examining the possible impact of air pollution on the weight of babies. Researchers found that 9% of 174 babies bon to mothers who were exposed to heavy doses of air pollution in a city were classified as having low birthweight. Only 5% of 2300 babies bom in another hospital in the city whose mothers had not been exposed to air pollution were similarly classified. Does this indicate a possibility that air polution might be linked to a significantly higher proportion of low-weight babies? a) Test an appropriate hypothesis at a = 0.10 and state your conclusion. b) If you concluded there is a difference, estimate that difference with a confidence interval and interpret that interval in context. State the conclusion. Reject Ho. There sufficient evidence at the a = 0.10 level of significance to conclude that the population proportion of low-weight babies born to mothers who were exposed to air pollution is greater than the is population proportion of low-weight…