The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB prevents the progression of the cell cycle through G1 if DNA has been damaged. Itdoes so in part because it binds a transcription-activatingdimer referred to as E2F-DP. The pRB-E2F/DP complex recruits a histone deacetylase to chromatin. Explain.

Q: Define chromatin-mediated repression.

A: Histone is the basic protein abundant in lysine and arginine residues, which are located in the…

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Cancer is a fatal disease that has both physical and mental consequences for a person. Cancer can…

Q: Cancers are often caused by overactive growth factor receptor signaling (remember growth factor…

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: Name four downstream effects of p53 activation.

A: Gene expression is usually accomplished through mRNA transcription and protein synthesis. p53 is a…

Q: The GA(T>C)A mutation in the Duffy promoter impacted expression of Duffy in the following cell…

A: The promoter is the region where the RNA polymerase binds during the transcription i.e. synthesis of…

Q: Transcriptionally active chromatin are generally found near the outer regions of the nucleus near…

A: The distribution of transcriptionally active chromatin throughout the nucleus is a complicated and…

Q: Discuss the role of chromatin proteins in regulating gene expression. How does the three-dimensional…

A: Chromatin is a part of the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. This highly organized complex of DNA and…

Q: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of…

A: LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment results in the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB and…

Q: A mutation occurred on the lacI (repressor) gene resulting in a constant production of…

A: Genes are the functional segments of DNA. The cluster of these functional segments called genes is…

Q: Activation of p53 during cellular stress will generally Select one: o a. Increase transcription of…

A: P553 is a tumor suppressor gene.

Q: In response to potentially toxic substances (e.g., high levels of iron), eukaryotic cells often use…

A: Post-transcriptional modifications of pre-mRNA molecules like capping, splicing, and…

Q: A certain nonsense suppressor corrects a nongrowingmutant to a state that is near, but not exactly,…

A: A nonsense suppressor mutation can influence the effects of nonsense mutations. It is usually a…

Q: Predict the effects of the following mutations on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a.…

A: KEY WORDS :- Mutations - Structure or the process of gene is changed or have any effect which can…

Q: The yeast cohesin subunit Scc1, which is essen-tial for sister-chromatid cohesion, can be…

A: The foundation of sister chromatid cohesion is the cycle by which chromatin-related cohesin protein…

Q: In the cells of patients with I-cell disease, their newly synthesized lysosomal proteins are not…

A: All organisms are made of numerous cells. Aptly cells are the building blocks of an organism.  Cells…

Q: Identify the ligand that bind to uniprotkb-P39086, the type of allostery, and describe the general…

A: P39086 is an ID for a protein GRIK1_HUMAN that belongs to Homosapiens. It is a protein of 918 amino…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: During certain stages of cell growth, the requirement for certain gene products may require gene…

A: Gene amplification is the rise in amount of a specific portion of the genome differentially, in…

Q: Cancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation of cells that defy the normal regulatory controls…

A: It has been proven that epigenetic abnormalities are one of the hallmarks of cancer.…

Q: Describe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cells

A: Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death, which is important for the…

Q: ulate the cell cycle called tumar supressors

A: Tumor suppressor genes can be defined as the normal genes that affect the process of cell division…

Q: CYCLINs are regulatory proteins active for only portions of the cell cycle.  Their transcription is…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms. Cells form different tissues in organisms…

Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.

A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in  DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…

Q: We have studied Ras signal transduction pathway. In an experiment,  two different mutations were…

A: The cell proliferation depends on specific signalling processes that ultimately trigger some…

Q: The Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The HPV E6…

A: P63 genes provide instructions for the production of a tumor protein p63 (also known as p63). The…

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Part A. IFS are the ones that provide abundant buffering system in order to protect against…

Q: How does the activity of human p53 get regulated through the interaction of the transactivation…

A: p53 is basically a transcription factor that helps in suppressing the growth of the tumor. This…

Q: Two mechanisms inducing Apoptosis, Extrinsic pathway and Intrinsic pathway, have difference and…

A:

Q: Dr. Jace is a research officer in a laboratory that studies anticancer treatment. She is interested…

A: The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and embryonic development both include the natural…

Q: Describe two different ways that histone modifications may alter chromatin structure.

A: Chromosomes appear at the time of cell division in the form of thread like structures inside the…

Q: The tumor suppressor pRB also binds to and suppresses the activity of retinoblastoma-binding protein…

A: Mutation in genes is the process of change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome.

Q: There are many compounds that have been advertised to reduce or delay aging. Resveratrol is a…

A: Resveratrol is a compound found in red wine and other plants that has been shown to have a variety…

Q: position 480 to arginine (G480R) in the FGFR protein. Normally, FGFR is active when FGF binds to it…

A: Achondroplasia is an inherited autosomal dominant disease.  This occurs due to a gene mutation that…

Q: The post transcriptional modifications of the mature prokaryotic messenger RNA are essential in…

A: Transcription is a heterocatalytic action of DNA by means of which RNA is synthesized from specific…

Q: The binding of a small effector molecule, protein-protein interactions, and covalent modifications…

A: Transcription factors that bind to regulatory elements are called as regulatory transcription…

Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…

A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…

Q: that binds Fsh3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and there are numerous fish tumor cell lines…

A: Answer. Enzyme-linked receptors are a second major type of cell surface receptors. Like…

Q: The p53 pathway is important for regulating the cell cycle. In a normal cell, there is a protein…

A: p53 is the most extensively researched tumor suppressor gene. It plays a significant role in the…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.