The resulting  hypermethylation profiles (of DNA and/or histones) from mutant IDH and high 2-HG levels contribute to the silencing of differentiation-related genes, promoting the accumulation of cells arrested in the course of their differentiation, capable of self-renewal and prone to tumorigenesis. Group of answer choices True False

Describe the effects of the over-expression of mdm2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control. Briefly explain the normal role of each component in the context of the pathway and why its loss or modification would have the expected effect.

You established two cell lines (Cell line X and Cell line Y) from colon cancer patients and both of them can proliferate without the Wnt ligand. When you analyze the tumor suppressor APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) protein in these lines, X does not express functional APC but Y expresses functional APC. How can Y keep proliferating without Wnt? Which function (protein) within the Wnt signaling pathway might be defective in Y?

There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to.