The resulting  hypermethylation profiles (of DNA and/or histones) from mutant IDH and high 2-HG levels contribute to the silencing of differentiation-related genes, promoting the accumulation of cells arrested in the course of their differentiation, capable of self-renewal and prone to tumorigenesis. Group of answer choices True False

Q: for question 1, choose wheater each choice is either tumor suppressor or proto oncogene\ for…

A: Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are two types of genes that play important roles in the…

Q: Cyclin D/cdk 4,6 inhibits retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding to...., which ultimately affects gene…

A: Mutation in RB1 gene causes retinoblastoma. Due to this mutation cell is unable to control growth.…

Q: TNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph…

A: * TNF inhibitors are the  drugs helps to prevent inflammation to grow which are used to to treat…

Q: After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested…

A: The protein cyclin and CDK (cyclin-dependent protein kinase) act together to drive the process of…

Q: Estrogen works by binding to the ER. It includes two types ER alpha and ER beta and the two…

A: Estrogen receptors(ES) are the protein molecules present inside the cell. Their activation takes…

Q: rms of the cell cycle, what would happen if there was a defect in the Rb prote made it unable to…

A: Rb protein is a tumor suppressor protein that is it suppresses the tumor from growing. Hence Rb…

Q: Match the gene name with the gene description. rb BRCA-1 A. tumor suppressor - p53 B. proto-oncogene…

A: Cancer is a condition caused by mutation in the genome that results in infinite cell multiplication…

Q: a. A typical cellular response of a mammary epithelial cell to EGF signal is proliferation. the Kd…

A: Proliferation is the cellular response.

Q: Deletion of a cellular proto-oncogene is likely to be associated with cancer.

A: True

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: Virtually all cancer treatments are designed to killcancer cells, usually by inducing apoptosis.…

A: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL or APML) is a cancer of the white blood corpuscles. Abnormal…

Q: Given the following scenario, indicate if this will ‘promote’ or ‘prevent’ cancer development: An…

A: Bcl-2, or B-cell lymphoma 2, is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating apoptosis…

Q: Translocation of a proto-oncogene to a chromosome region with reduced methylation increases its…

A: Abnormal sequences of DNA methylation, disturbed patterns of histone posttranslational modifications…

Q: Describe the settings in which the reversed process of proliferation and differentiation is…

A: Cell proliferation can be described as a process of exponential growth and division of cells for…

Q: Hi, can you explain this concept: cell cycle progression can be halted at several points by the…

A: When we talk about cancer, there are two types of genes related to it. The first type of gene is the…

Q: 1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene.…

A: Bcl-2 gene is a protooncogene.The Bcl-2 can act as a barrier to apoptosis and and facilitate the…

Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. If DNA can not be repaired,…

A: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are genes that make proteins that aid…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: TSC acts as a tumor suppressor by continually suppressing mTOR and must be inhibited in order for…

A: TSC (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex) acts as a negative regulator of the mTOR (mechanistic target of…

Q: Cell division is carefully regulated and coordinated in eukaryotic cells by protein kinases that…

A: The division of all cells must be carefully regulated and coordinated with both cell growth and DNA…

Q: The normal copies of tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that have which three types of…

A: A tumour suppressor gene also known as anti-oncogene is a gene that is responsible to regulate the…

Q: For the normal cell to become a cancer cell, mutations should take place in protooncogenes to become…

A: Cancer cells divide incessantly, producing solid tumors or infiltrating the bloodstream with…

Q: Protein P, normally stimulates apoptosis or cell death when activated. Consider a cell with a…

A: The construction of this question gives us an  information about the nature of protein P, P when…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: You are looking at the results of a western blot from the lysates of cells harvested from a…

A: When you observe an increased expression of INK4-p16 in the lysates of cells harvested from a…

Q: Please explain correct answer

A: Apoptosis is an energy dependent genetically programmed process which occurs during embryogenesis,…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: Why is the p53-meditated apoptosis pathway, and the GSK3 signaling pathway important for cancer…

A: p53 is a critical tumour suppressor that is mutated in ~50% of human cancers. Inunstressed cells p53…

Q: In many breast cancers, ER (alpha) activation by estrogens is generally considered responsible for…

A: In breast cancers, the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) by estrogens is often associated…

Q: In a patient with a constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinase that increases the activity of…

A: Tyrosine kinase is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways by adding a…

Q: In attempting to design a drug that will impede cell cycle progression in ovarian cancers cells. you…

A: The answer is none of these.The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that controls the growth…

Q: Please explain how cancer is a disease of the cell cycle checkpoints. you must explain how the…

A: Cancer is a combined name for various diseases that are caused by a common pathway known as…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: All but which of the following best explains the advantage of cancer cells expressing PKM2 over…

A: Cancer refers to abnormal growth of the cells and this they will divide uncontrollably. The cancer…

Q: Which one of the following events is unlikely to beassociated with cancer?a. mutation of a cellular…

A: Cancer is basically the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal or mutated cells in the body. It is…

Q: Changes in the activity of a variety of Cdks are essential for accurate progression through the cell…

A: A series of events which takes place in a cell due to which it divides and forms two daughter cells…

Q: could you explain a bit more what this sentences mean: The information displayed demonstrates a…

A: Dentate gyrus is an important region in the hippocampal formation of the brain. This portion is…

Q: Which of these events do you think is likely to promote tumorigenesis in affected cells? Group of…

A: Tumorigenesis is the process of forming a tumor, which is an abnormal growth of cells.

Q: The P63 and P53 have similar functionalities in the cell, however, p53 is rarely associated directly…

A: Tumor protein 63 (p63) could also be a transcription factor of the p53 gene family encoded by the…

Q: This TSG targets beta-catenin for degradation and inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway but when it is…

A: These are genes that inhibits cell division of the cell, repair mistakes in DNA or control apoptosis…

Q: Given what you have learned about tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes, predict whether the…

A: Introduction :- Oncogenes are genes that, when mutated or overexpressed, can cause cells to grow and…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.