The processes of clonal selection and clonal expansion occur during _____. a. adaptive immune responses b. innate immune responses c. hematopoiesis d. self renewal e. immunodeficiency diseases.

Q: Which of the following doesn't occur in the inflammatory response? O A. Decreased vascular…

A: When healthy tissues are wounded by physical/chemical stimuli or are invaded by bacteria, viruses,…

Q: A T lymphocyte activated in the GALT will subsequently home to all of the following except _____.…

A: Gut associated lymphocyte tissue or GALT complex function is to form as a protective immune system…

Q: The formed elements of the blood:

A: Hemopoiesis is the production of blood cells from red bone marrow. Erythrocytes ,leucocytes and…

Q: What do macrophages do that neutrophils don’t do?     A. antigen presentation     B.…

A: The white blood cells (WBC) are responsible for performing immunological roles in our body.…

Q: Match the following cell types with their correct definition. ____ Macrophage a. Granulocyte that…

A: The capability of the body to recognize and fight against foreign and harmful particles is called…

Q: Which of the following are considered acute phase proteins? Select all that apply. A. Fibrinogen…

A: Complement system is a type of cascade reaction that activate antibodies to kill the invading…

Q: Which of the following events occur as part of a local acute inflammatory reaction? a. Vasodilation…

A: The local inflammatory response occurs within the area affected by the harmful stimulus. It develops…

Q: From the list below, identify which disease is not mediated by antibodies that bind to and alter the…

A: Cell surface receptors are receptors that are usually embedded in the plasma membrane of cells.…

Q: Which ONE of the following genes is most likely mutated in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?…

A: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an acute leukaemia. It is aggressive and progresses…

Q: Plasma cells and memory B cells differentiate most immediately from Select one: a. centrocytes b.…

A: Introduction There are two types of lymphocytes found in our immune system: T lymphocytes and B…

Q: Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell? a. NK cell b. eosinophil…

A: An Antigen Presenting Cell, like a macrophage, engulfs and digests a foreign bacteria. An antigen by…

Q: are released by helper T cells to mobilize immune cells and macrophages and attract other leukocytes…

A: Helper T cells are the T lymphocytes that activate the cytotoxic T cells and B cells.

Q: Which of the following is a non-organ-specific (systemic) autoimmune disease? a. Systemic lupus…

A: Sure, here are the reasons why the other options are incorrect: b. Hashimoto's thyroiditis…

Q: One-year-old Matthew always seems to be sick. When his blood is tested, there are no antibodies. The…

A: The lymphatic system consists of immune cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are the primary cells…

Q: The acquired ability to prevent an unnecessary or destructive immune reaction to a harmless foreign…

A: Immune tolerance is significant for ordinary physiology. Central tolerance is the fundamental way…

Q: Systemic distribution of TNF-α in the blood circulation may cause _____. a. respiratory burst b.…

A: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by…

Q: All of the following are associated with ectopic lymphoid tissues except _____. a. they form by a…

A: The cells and organs that make up the lymphatic system like bone marrow, white blood cells, thymus,…

Q: At what stage of B cell development are autoreactive cells removed? A. stem cell stage B. pro-B…

A: These can be caused by pathogen or any other foreign agent. This function is carried out by the…

Q: Immune responses tailored to specific antigens involvea. T cells.b. macrophages.c. monocytes.d.…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: Deficiencies in complement components C1–C4 are associated with _____. a. neutropenia b. chronic…

A: Deficiencies in complement components C1 - C4 are associated with immune - complex disease .…

Q: Severe combined immunodeficiency A. can be induced by exposure to strong radiation. B. is an example…

A: Severe combined immunodeficiency is a rare disorder characteristiced by mutations in genes of the…

Q: Acute inflammatory cells are ? Select one: a. ALL b. neutrophilic l c. leucocytes d. WBC

A: Inflammation is an important nonspecific defense reaction to cell injury. The hallmark signs of…

Q: Which of the following statements are true of white blood cells (WBCs)? (Read carefully and select…

A: The immune system of the body includes white blood cells. They support the body's defenses against…

Q: An important distinction between macrophages that populate the lamina propria of the gut and the…

A: Answer is c.) do not possess signaling receptors needed for production of inflammatory cytokines.

Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect The lymphatic capillaries are a. More…

A: Lymphatic vessels have a role in transporting tissue fluid, leaked proteins and absorbed fats to the…

Q: An adult who has been thymectomized will have a T-cell repertoire that _____. a. resembles a…

A: The answer is described in the next step:-

Q: Identify which of the following cells are myeloid and which are lymphoid. a. Dendritic cells b.…

A: Myeloid Cells:Origin: Derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow.Function: Primarily…

Q: Which of the following is a leukocyte AND a lymphocyte? A. macrophage B. natural killer cell C.…

A: Blood is composed of three types of cells Erythrocytes: which are red blood cells that carry oxygen…

Q: A young woman was in a car accident and had to have her spleen removed as a consequence of its…

A: The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ. It is also referred to as an enlarged lymph node. Spleen…

Q: NK cells expressing high levels of _____ become abundant during CMV infection. a. CD56 b. HLA-E…

A: They are large granular cells. They do not have antigen receptor-like b cell and t cell instead has…

Q: Which of the following use similar process of cytolysis? A.Plasma cell/ Macrophage B.Helper T…

A: Cytolysis is carried out predominantly by the natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes…

Q: B Lymphocytes typically target:   a. parasitic worms   b. bacteria   c. viruses   d. intracellular…

A: they are essential for humoral immunity they are known as memory cells plasma cells are mature B…

Q: A drug that were to inhibit the activity of T suppressor cells would lead to _______. a.…

A: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) also known as supressor t cell are a specialized subpopulation of T cells…

Q: If you could design a drug that increases extravasation at the endothelium, what is the most likely…

A: The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube…

Q: ph nodes function to a. provide a site for lymphocyte reproduction b. anchor lymphatic vessels c.…

A: Lymph node is a small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body's immune system. There are…

Q: Generally, in healthy individuals and in the absence of infection, a mature naive T cell that…

A: T cells are among the immune system's most essential white blood cells that play a key part in…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: During removal of cancerous tissue in breast cancer, lymph nodes in the armpit are also removed (if…

A: Mastectomy is a procedure which removes entire breast. Radical mastectomy:In this procedure ,most of…

Q: are cytolytic proteins that binds to target cell's plasma membrane to form pores. a. Chemokines b.…

A: The immune system is a network of cells and  proteins which form a various level of barrier to…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.