Helper T cells do not _________. Select one: a. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of B cells. b. secrete inflammatory chemicals. c. secrete cytokines that stimulate macrophage activity. d. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells. e. secrete fever-producing chemicals.

Activities 1. Diseases Affecting Myelination Myelin sheaths, produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system, serve to protect and insulate the axons of neurons with a fatty tissue. This allows electrical signals to propagate very quickly along the axon. In multiple sclerosis (MS), this myelination is disrupted in the CNS causing inflammation and damage to those axons, leaving scars (plaques) and interrupting the transmission of impulses (Figure 10.9). MYELIN SHEATH DESTRUCTION Figure 10.9. Nerve affected by multiple sclerosis. Question 1 Guillain-Barre Syndrome is another type of demyelination disease. Research this disease and provide one similarity and one difference between it and MS. Question 2 2. What type of neuroglial cell would you expect to find increased after brain injury and why?

What is the best option?

Memory T cells _____. (Select all that apply.) a. must all be activated in secondary lymphoid organs b. do not require co-stimulation through CD28 c. are composed only of CD4 T cells d. do not undergo somatic hypermutation e. are usually short-lived f. do not undergo isotype switching.

What is the function of cytotoxic T-cells? Select one: a. They are long lived cells that provide life long immunity b. They kill cells that have the antigen they recognize  c. They pump out chemical weapons & stimulate other T & B cells d. They produce and secrete antibodies

Apoptosis is Select one: A. equivalent to necrosis. B. caused by T cell anergy. C. involved in peripheral tolerance, but not central tolerance. D. impaired in Fas-deficient systems. E. involved in central tolerance, but not peripheral tolerance. O O O O

The first cell to initiate an adaptive immune response to a novel pathogen is _____. A. an antigen presenting cell such as a neutrophil or macrophage B. a helper T cell in the lymph nodes C. a B cell that binds a pathogen at the site of infection D. a memory cell that is activated directly by the pathogen

Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors).  A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?

idenitfy the incorrect statement (A)  the presence of Reed- Sternberg cells distingushes hodgkins lymphoma from non hodgkins  (B) cytotoxic T cells produce a molecule called perforin (C) B cells attack taggged pathogens directly (D) natural killer cells are part of both your innate and specific immune system

A. Organism that causes diseaseB. Larger in children than adults, this organ is the site of T cell maturation.C. Small region of substance or organism that binds directly to antibody.D. With granules that take up acidic stains, these white blood cells defend against parasites.E. Star-shaped cells critical for T-cell activationF. One type of complement pathwayG. These molecules "show off' self or non-self-peptides to T cells.H. A protein fragment that tags cells for destruction by phagocytesI.Substance or organism that induces an immune response.I.May be released into circulation or serve as a B cell receptor.K. Signalling molecule made by virally infected cells.L. The most abundant white cells in the blood, these phagocytic cells have multilobed nucleiM. A laboratory procedure that can test for antigen or antibody.N. A remarkable intracellular complex that amplifies the innate immune responseO. Receptors that recognize pathogen products and cause macrophages to produceinterleukins.P. A…