The optimal solution of this linear programming problem is at the intersection of constraints 1 and 2. Max 6x1 + 3x2 s.t. 4x1 + x2 ≤ 400 4x1 + 3x2 ≤ 600 x1 + 2x2 ≤ 300 x1, x2 ≥ 0 (a) Over what range can the coefficient of x1 vary before the current solution is no longer optimal? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) ------ to -------- (b) Over what range can the coefficient of x2 vary before the current solution is no longer optimal? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) ----- to -------- (c) Compute the dual value for the first constraint, second constraint & third constraint

The optimal solution of this linear programming problem is at the intersection of constraints 1 and 2. Max 6x1 + 3x2 s.t. 4x1 + x2 ≤ 400 4x1 + 3x2 ≤ 600 x1 + 2x2 ≤ 300 x1, x2 ≥ 0 (a) Over what range can the coefficient of x1 vary before the current solution is no longer optimal? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) ------ to -------- (b) Over what range can the coefficient of x2 vary before the current solution is no longer optimal? (Round your answers to two decimal places.) ----- to -------- (c) Compute the dual value for the first constraint, second constraint & third constraint

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter9: Decision Making Under Uncertainty

Section9.5: Multistage Decision Problems

Problem 21P

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Based on Babich (1992). Suppose that each week each of 300 families buys a gallon of orange juice from company A, B, or C. Let pA denote the probability that a gallon produced by company A is of unsatisfactory quality, and define pB and pC similarly for companies B and C. If the last gallon of juice purchased by a family is satisfactory, the next week they will purchase a gallon of juice from the same company. If the last gallon of juice purchased by a family is not satisfactory, the family will purchase a gallon from a competitor. Consider a week in which A families have purchased juice A, B families have purchased juice B, and C families have purchased juice C. Assume that families that switch brands during a period are allocated to the remaining brands in a manner that is proportional to the current market shares of the other brands. For example, if a customer switches from brand A, there is probability B/(B + C) that he will switch to brand B and probability C/(B + C) that he will switch to brand C. Suppose that the market is currently divided equally: 10,000 families for each of the three brands. a. After a year, what will the market share for each firm be? Assume pA = 0.10, pB = 0.15, and pC = 0.20. (Hint: You will need to use the RISKBINOMLAL function to see how many people switch from A and then use the RISKBENOMIAL function again to see how many switch from A to B and from A to C. However, if your model requires more RISKBINOMIAL functions than the number allowed in the academic version of @RISK, remember that you can instead use the BENOM.INV (or the old CRITBENOM) function to generate binomially distributed random numbers. This takes the form =BINOM.INV (ntrials, psuccess, RAND()).) b. Suppose a 1% increase in market share is worth 10,000 per week to company A. Company A believes that for a cost of 1 million per year it can cut the percentage of unsatisfactory juice cartons in half. Is this worthwhile? (Use the same values of pA, pB, and pC as in part a.)
A common decision is whether a company should buy equipment and produce a product in house or outsource production to another company. If sales volume is high enough, then by producing in house, the savings on unit costs will cover the fixed cost of the equipment. Suppose a company must make such a decision for a four-year time horizon, given the following data. Use simulation to estimate the probability that producing in house is better than outsourcing. If the company outsources production, it will have to purchase the product from the manufacturer for 25 per unit. This unit cost will remain constant for the next four years. The company will sell the product for 42 per unit. This price will remain constant for the next four years. If the company produces the product in house, it must buy a 500,000 machine that is depreciated on a straight-line basis over four years, and its cost of production will be 9 per unit. This unit cost will remain constant for the next four years. The demand in year 1 has a worst case of 10,000 units, a most likely case of 14,000 units, and a best case of 16,000 units. The average annual growth in demand for years 2-4 has a worst case of 7%, a most likely case of 15%, and a best case of 20%. Whatever this annual growth is, it will be the same in each of the years. The tax rate is 35%. Cash flows are discounted at 8% per year.
You now have 10,000, all of which is invested in a sports team. Each year there is a 60% chance that the value of the team will increase by 60% and a 40% chance that the value of the team will decrease by 60%. Estimate the mean and median value of your investment after 50 years. Explain the large difference between the estimated mean and median.
Based on Grossman and Hart (1983). A salesperson for Fuller Brush has three options: (1) quit, (2) put forth a low level of effort, or (3) put forth a high level of effort. Suppose for simplicity that each salesperson will sell 0, 5000, or 50,000 worth of brushes. The probability of each sales amount depends on the effort level as described in the file P07_71.xlsx. If a salesperson is paid w dollars, he or she regards this as a benefit of w1/2 units. In addition, low effort costs the salesperson 0 benefit units, whereas high effort costs 50 benefit units. If a salesperson were to quit Fuller and work elsewhere, he or she could earn a benefit of 20 units. Fuller wants all salespeople to put forth a high level of effort. The question is how to minimize the cost of encouraging them to do so. The company cannot observe the level of effort put forth by a salesperson, but it can observe the size of his or her sales. Thus, the wage paid to the salesperson is completely determined by the size of the sale. This means that Fuller must determine w0, the wage paid for sales of 0; w5000, the wage paid for sales of 5000; and w50,000, the wage paid for sales of 50,000. These wages must be set so that the salespeople value the expected benefit from high effort more than quitting and more than low effort. Determine how to minimize the expected cost of ensuring that all salespeople put forth high effort. (This problem is an example of agency theory.)
Martin owns an older home, which requires minor renovations. However, the neighborhood where Martin lives mostly includes newly constructed luxury homes. Why might Martin's home increase in value? Based on the principle of substitution, the value of Martin's house will equal the value of the newly constructed homes in the neighborhood. ○ The value of Martin's home will decrease due to the new competition in the neighborhood. Based on the principle of regression, the newly constructed homes in the neighborhood will increase the home values of the entire neighborhood. Based on the principle of progression, the newly constructed homes in the neighborhood will increase the home values of the entire neighborhood.
Innis Investments manages funds for a number of companies and wealthy clients. The investment strategy is tailored to each client's needs. For a new client, Innis has been authorized to invest up to $1.2 million in two investment funds: a stock fund and a money market fund. Each unit of the stock fund costs $50 and provides an annual rate of return of 10%; each unit of the money market fund costs $100 and provides an annual rate of return of 4%. The client wants to minimize risk subject to the requirement that the annual income from the investment be at least $60,000. According to Innis' risk measurement system, each unit invested in the stock fund has a risk index of 8, and each unit invested in the money market fund has a risk index of 3. The higher risk index associated with the stock fund simply indicates that it is the riskier investment. Innis's client also specified that at least $300,000 be invested in the money market fund. Refer to the computer solution shown below. Optimal…
A survey was conducted to 12 first time voters on their preferred candidate. The results are: BBM, BBM, LR, IM, PL, PL, IM, IM, BBM, BBM, LR, LR. Which statement is true? The Borda score of PL is two points. BBM wins by plurality method. The Condorcet winner is IM. The modes are LR and IM Which of the following is a property of all linear programming problems? alternate courses of action to choose from minimization of some objectives a computer program usage of graphs in the solution
For the remaining questions, consider the following problem description: An oil company is considering exploring new well sites S₁, S2, ..., S10 with respective costs C1, C2, C10. And in particular they want to find the least-cost selection of 5 out of the 10 possible sites. The binary decision variables x₁,x2,..., X10 denote the decision to explore the corresponding site.
3. (Note: This is a variation of problem 6 of chapter 16 in your textbook.) Kenya and Dionne live on adjacent plots of land. Each has two potential uses for their land, the present values of each of which depend on the use adopted by the other, as summarized in the table. All the values in the table are known to both parties. Dionne Rental housing Bee keeping Kenya Apple growing A: $200 B: $700 A: $400 B: $650 Pig farming A: $450 B: $400 A: $450 B: $500 a. What is the efficient outcome? b. If there are negotiation costs of $150, what activities will the two pursue on their land? c. If there are no negotiation costs and the two negotiate, what activities will the two pursue on their land? How might a benevolent planner help reduce the costs of negotiating to encourage the optimal combination of land uses?
Do the following problems using either TreePlan A student is deciding which scholarships (out of two) to accept. The first scholarship is worth $10,000 but carries the condition that recipients cannot accept another other forms of income (such as other scholarships). The second scholarship is awarded in a competition, where this student has a 50% chance of earning $7,000, a 40% chance of earning $10,000, and a 10% chance of earning $15,000. The student must inform the administrator of the first scholarship whether she will be accepting their offer today. A. Develop a decision tree to determine which scholarship this student should accept (using our normal decision criteria). B. Under what circumstance might the student accept the other scholarship?
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Combined-cycle power plants use two combustion turbines to produce electricity. Heat from the first turbine’s exhaust is captured to heat waterand produce steam sent to a second steam turbine that generates additional electricity. A 968-megawatt combined-cycle gas fired plant can be purchased for $450 million, has no salvage value, and produces a net cash flow(revenues less expenses) of $50 million per year over its expected 30-year life. Solve, a. If the hurdle rate (MARR) is 12% per year, how profitable an investment is this power plant? b. What is the simple payback period for the plant? Is this investment acceptable?