The Na- Glucose symporter effectively transports glucose intracellularly against its concentration gradient using energy stored in the Na+ concentration gradient of the cell. The energy is derived from Glucose -Na antiporter Na+-K+-ATPase Passive Epithelial transport OH-CL antiporter

Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen?  The cell is at 25°C. Membrane potential = -60 mV. What is the ΔGinward for chloride? Use the chart.

Channels are an example of transporters with alternating gates; in other words, channels change conformation upon cargo binding to release the cargo on the opposite side of the membrane. True or False? Polar solutes must be ‘re-hydrated’ by the interactions with the transporter to allow for rapid transport. True or False? The sodium potassium pump is an example of an antiport. True or False?

What are the differences between sodium-potassium exchange pump and sodium-glucose transporter? Besides I am struggling with understanding the Vesicular Transport (Bulk transport) why it is a form of an active transport? Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are all passive transport. What are the differences between them and how can be an active form??? And why not concentration gradient is not involving??? Because it utilise transport proteins like receptor mediator endocytosis. It might changes some gradients. Am I misleading some concepts??? Endocytosis and Exocytosis concepts are confusing too. Thanks for reading my question :D I am really confusing of the membrane transport

1 O2 influx _1 Ca2+ influx 3 K+ influx 2 Na+ efflux 1. simple diffusion _1. Na+ influx by itself 2. facilitated diffusion 1 CO2 efflux 3. primary active transport 2 glucose influx by itself 4. secondary active transport 6 steroid influx or efflux 5. endocytosis 3 Ca2+ efflux that consumes ATP 6. eхосytosis 6 efflux of extracellular proteins 4 Na+ influx that occurs with other substances 2 K+ efflux

Various chemical methods can be used to permeabilize or lyse cells including the use of enzymes. List three important factors to consider when developing a lysis method using enzymes.   Estimate the osmotic pressure drop across the membrane of an animal cell in a 0.10 M NaCl solution, assuming that the internal total solute concentration is 0.36 osM and temperature is 30.0°C. Do you think that this pressure drop would lyse cells? Why or why not?