The most important advantage of experiments over observational studies is that . a confounding cannot happen in experiments. observational studies cannot use random samples. experiments can give better evidence of causation. experiments are usually easier to carry out. O b O c

Q: If you wish to test the claim that the mean of the population is 100, the appropriate null…

A: Given that If you wish to test the claim that the mean of the population is 100. Note:- The null…

Q: if other factors are held constant, as a sample size decreases, the estimated standard error?_____

A: Different types of standard errors are described below.

Q: For the independent-measures t statistic, what is the effect of increasing the sample variances?

A: If there is more variance in the sample data , then the difference between the mean of data and data…

Q: Could two samples have the same range but different means? Explain.

A: Yes, Two samples have the same range but different means.

Q: Give a Proof That the Sample Variance Is Consistent?

A:

Q: If we have measurement error in our data, and those errors are truly random, what will the average…

A: Average =Sum of errorsNumber of errors

Q: For a repeated measures study, if the null hypothesis is true, then what value should be obtained…

A: According to the provided information, the null hypothesis is true

Q: If the mean of a random variable is 30 and the standard deviation is 6, and three consecutive data…

A: It is given that, Mean,μ=30 Standard deviation,σ=6

Q: When conducting a independant measures t test, the null hypothesis states the difference between the…

A: The study is about conducting a independent measures t test.

Q: Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will…

A: Observational study: In observational study, the individuals of the study are observed by the…

Q: Although, in practice, sample data are generally analyzed in inferential studies, what is the…

A: If the data consists of different methods for estimating the sample and drawing the inferences about…

Q: Paired samples are analyzed differently than separate samples because paired samples lack (note:…

A: As we know, Paired samples take the measurement from the same variable under different conditions,…

Q: Which statement is true? larger sample sizes produce greater sampling error larger sample sizes…

A: Option c) is correct. greater sampling error produces greater margin of error

Q: If you want to reduce the amount of variance present in an independent-measures (one-way) ANOVA, you…

A: ANOVA is a parametric inferential procedure.

Q: When comparing two independent samples with continuous outcomes, an investigator would compare the…

A: Given problem Given that   When comparing two independent samples with continuous outcomes, an…

Q: Is the Chebyshev's rule used only with populations? Are samples used as well?

A: Yes, Chebyshev’s rule can be applied to population as well as sample.We should know the following…

Q: What is Two Related Samples?

A:

Q: What type of sample do we usually prefer?

A: We have given that  What type of sample do we usually prefer

Q: In this investigation, you learn how to decide if a value of x2 is statistically significant. How…

A: Here we have been provided with two samples falling into various categories. We will use Chi-Square…

Q: What is the difference between testing hypothesis on a population and testing hypothesis when…

A: Statistical hypotheses testing:   Hypotheses testing is used to make inferences about the population…

Q: If a difference is not statistically significant, should you conclude that the two populations are…

A:

Q: If you want to reject the null hypothesis, which should be larger, the within groups or between…

A: We have given that a statement related to null hypothesis in case of F test.

Q: d. At the .05 significance level, is there a difference in the means of two populations? No, they…

A: Solution-: Given: n1=80,n2=70,x¯1=104,x¯2=106,s1=8.4,s2=7.6,α=0.05 We want to test the hypothesis:…

Q: What is the formula for STANDARDIZED EFFECT SIZE, COHEN’S d (TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES)?

A:

Q: A. If the results were statistically significant, can the results of this study be generalized to a…

A: The study involved 350 volunteers over the age of 60 years. Each subject was assigned to a treatment…

Q: an independent-samples t test, you will usuall

A: the test statistic for independent-samples t test = μ1-μ2-0combined standard deviation

Q: Suppose that you have obtained data by taking a random sample from a population. Before performing a…

A: For a random sample that is selected from a population, the following steps have to be done in order…

Q: What does it mean when sample results are not statistically significant?

A: statistically significant: In principle, a statistically significant result (usually a difference)…

Q: The sample variance is affected by extreme observations. * O True O False

A: We need to check if sample variance is affected by extreme values.

Q: • When might a small sample size be appropriate in a study? •When is a very large sample size…

A: When the sample size is ideal then a sample size can be appropriate in a study. The ideal sample…

Q: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur most frequently in planting and cutting sports such…

A: Independent samples: Two samples are said to be independent of each other when values of one sample…

Q: An unbiased sample is a good representation of the population. True or False

A: Population is the set of all objects of interest. Sample is s subset of the population. It is not…

Q: Assume you did an experiment with 3 groups and 16 subjects per group. The sample variances in the…

A: Given Information Number of Groups = 3 Total subjects = 16 x 3 = 48 s1 = 14 s2 = 16 s3 = 18…

Q: Which of the following accurately describes the effect of increasing the sample size? Increases the…

A: Sample size determination is the process of determining the appropriate number of subjects to…

Q: One of the objectives of a well-designed experiment is to reduce variability O True O False

A:

Q: What statistical methods are typically used in an inferential study?

A: There are two major parts in Inferential statistics, i. Estimation ii. Hypothesis Testing So, these…

Q: In general, the larger the value of the sample variance, the greater the likelihood of rejecting the…

A: Normally, when the value of sample variance is greater, than the likelihood of rejecting the null…

Q: If the mean of a random variable is 30 and the standard deviation is 6 , and three consecutive data…

A: It is given that, Mean,μ=30 Standard deviation,σ=6

Q: If you have a study design that requires two different samples, what sort of test might you…

A: Matched pair t test is used  to test for same experimental unit.

Q: For a paired-sample study design, if the null hypothesis is true, then theoretically what value…

A: Given Here as we know that for a paired sample study design, if the null hypothesis is true,

Q: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur most frequently in planting and cutting sports such…

A: Independent sample t- test: Independent sample t test is used to compare the difference between…

Q: If other factors are held constant, increasing the sample variances will have very little influence…

A: Effect size : The size of the effect indicates how significant the association between variables or…

Q: What does statistically significance indicates?

A: Statistical significance: If the chance of occurrence of an event is less than or equal to 5% then…

Q: What conclusions can be drawn from a study with a “statistical significance” result?   What…

A: The result of a statistical test is said to be statistically significant, if the test statistic…

Q: Using a pooled sample estimator, o , assumes the two populations have O A. different means. O B. the…

A:

Q: Traditional statistics (means, variances, and hypothesis tests) are not used to evaluate the results…

A: The traditional statistics are used to evaluate the result means we use the critical values to make…

Q: Even if a treatment has no effect, it is still possible to obtain an extreme sample mean that is…

A: According to the provided information, if a treatment has no effect, the extreme sample mean that is…