What does statistically significance indicates?

Why do statisticians prefer experimental studies over observational studies?

What statistical methods are typically used in an inferential study?

Why do we care about statistical power? What is a decent level for power?

What recommendations did the APA task force make about reporting What recommendations did the APA task force make about reporting statistical results (are significance tests alone sufficient?) What recommendations did the APA task force make about reporting

Explain the relationship between statistical significance and effect size

What is statistical significance?

Which of the following represents the correct order of a statistical analysis?    Formulate a hypothesis; Gather data; Determine rejection of the null hypothesis    Formulate a hypothesis; Determine rejection of the null hypothesis; Gather data   Determine rejection of the null hypothesis; Gather data; Formulate a hypothesis    Gather data; Formulate a hypothesis; Determine rejection of the null hypothesis

Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically).  What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions?  Be sure to provide a justification of the statistical method.  What statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. An investigation of the association between drink preferences and the color of teeth is proposed. Subjects will be surveyed as to the type of drink most often consumed (coffee/tea. Juice, caramel-colored soda, water, or milk).  A clinical exam will be performed after dental cleaning to determine the color of the teeth (reddish brown, reddish yellow, gray, reddish gray).

Which statistical method can be considered as an extension of One-Way ANOVA to incorporate a "covariate"? a. two way ANOVA b. ANCOVA c. Normality Testing d. Covariance