The image below shows a watering hole in the African savannah. There are several different species drinking, including the large greater kudus, zebras, and small springboks. What do you think would happen if a drought shrinks the watering hole, so there is only enough water to support a few of the species? Please include the word, "competition" in your response.

The information collected in St. Paul can be used to calculate the storage rate for each watershed, which is the difference between total input rates and total output rates: Storage Rate = Total Flux In Total Flux Out Q3.2. Use the information in the figure to fill out the table below. Enter a number into each box, then click "Check Answer" for feedback. Trout Brook Check Answer Total Flux In (Inputs) Total Flux Out (Outputs) - Storage Rate Rates for Nitrogen (kg ha-1 y-¹) 1 2 3 Note: To launch your computer's calculator, select Calculator from the CONTENTS menu (button in top left corner). For calculator help, click here. Deposition 14.5 N-Fixation 1.6 Pet Waste 5.9 Fertilizer 28.2 Compost 0.9 Nitrogen Budget Suburban Nitrogen Fluxes (kg ha-¹y-¹) Atmospheric Terrestrial Hydrologic E Denitrification 5.7 Street Sweeping 0.2 Yard Waste Removal 5.6 Storm Drain 9.9 Leaching to Groundwater 7.9 Nitrogen budget for the Trout Brook watershed in St. Paul. Adapted from Hobbie et al. (2017).

Fill in the blank with the correct word: According to theory, excluding the herbivore deer should lead to small mammal abundance in the exclosure. greater O lower

Which of these organisms do you think is a keystone species. Explain why 31 you think so. Tertiary Consumers: Secondary Consumers: Gulls and Terns Primary Consumers: Herbivores: Primary Producers: Your answer Chesapeake Bay Waterbird Food Web Osprey Wading Birds Small Planktivorous Fish Zooplankton Phytoplankton Large Piscivorous Fish Benthic Invertebrates Sea Ducks Bivalves Bald Eagle Herbivorous Ducks Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Tundra Swan Vegetation Geese and Mute Swans

Describe how the bird populations will most likely change if a severe drought were to occur for a four-year period in Maryland. In your description, be sure to include: the cause of any changes to the population the movement of energy within the ecosystem the interactions among the organisms

What happens if there’s a natural disturbance (drought) affecting the balance of the food chain so that the Sun +E can supply only 4 energy units per plant? Compute for energy units following the table below.  Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual  (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 4             1) Plants 30   2       2) Grasshopper 19   2       3) Frog 12   2       4) Snake 8   2       5) Owl 4   2

Identify one problem created by the introduction of the invasive species. Provide a solution for the removal of the invasive species. Explain your solution for the removal of the native species, economy and/or social impacts? How long do you think it will take to return to the original biodiversity of the ecosystem based on your solution and why?

Describe some ways in which humans have increased our carrying capacity over time.  Do you think that humans have currently reached our carrying capacity?  Explain.