* The hypothalamic neurons that supply the structure that contain the asterisk: a. Synapse directly on their target b. Release hormone into the hypophyseal portal blood stream c. Contain neurosecretory granules that accumulate in axon swellings d. Release either growth hormone or prolactin|
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- State T/F The neurohypophysis is directly controlled by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, which are stored and released by the neurohypophysis.Which of the statements about neurotransmitters given below is incorrect? О а. Orexin-producing cells in the locus querulous of the pons activate many different areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, and the pons and medulla as well. b. Blocking acetylcholine appears to reduce arousal levels, while procedures designed to increase acetylcholine production increase signs of arousal. Acetylcholine increases the general arousal of the cortex O C. Research has shown that Seratonin cells are most active during waking and decrease during sleep. In addition, serotonin seems to facilitate automatic behaviors such as chewing, pacing, or grooming.which is/are true? select all that apply A. The hypothalamus releases hormones that control hormones released from the anterior pituitary. B.The hypothalamus senses body parameters C. the thalamus controls the hypothalamus using tropic hormones D.The wall of the third ventricle is the thalamus and the hypothalamus. E.The hypothalumus contains hypothalamic nuclei.
- During a sympathetic nervous system response to an event, your heart rate increases, indicating the part of the heart responsible for controlling heart rate (the sinoatrial node) is innervated by sympathetic nerves. The SA node is also responsive to epinephrine,a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla. Explain why the onset of the effect of the hormone is so much slower than the onset of the effect from sympathetic nerve stimulation and yet the effect of the hormone lasts much longer than the effect of nerve stimulation.Flaccid paralysis (resulting from the failure of muscles to contract), induced by the neurotoxin tubocurarine, occurs when this poison blocks the binding of: the inhibitory neurotransmitter melatonin to post-synaptic bicarbonate channels the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to post-synaptic calcium channels the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine to post-synaptic sodium channels the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine to post-synaptic chloride channels the excitatory neurotransmitter serotonin to post-synaptic potassium channelsCompare the anatomy and chemical communication of the somatic motor, parasympathetic, and sympathetic divisions. Explain the molecular events of the sarcomere which result in contraction Explain how antagonistic control is a hallmark of the autonomic nervous system. Compare the synthesis, storage, transport. location of receptors, and cellular mechanism of action for the four major groups of hormones: catecholamine, thyroid, peptide and steroid hormones. Compare the structure and function of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle Compare nicotinic cholinergic, muscarinic cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors. Compare the two main types of alpha receptors and the three main types of beta receptors. Discuss the six anterior pituitary hormones, their primary targets and the hormones which control their release. Discuss the role of the Na+K+ pump in maintaining the membrane potential of a cell. Describe the three most common types of endocrine pathologies.
- What was the original concept of consolidation?A. The maximum time that gamma bursts can continueB. The time necessary to synthesize proteinsC. The time before adrenal hormones can reach the cortexD. The delay at a metabotropic synapseHelp with 1 and 2 question: 1.) Which of the following pathways correctly shows the sequence of stimulations initiated by the hypothalamus that leads to the production of the long-term stress hormone? A. hypothalamus ® spinal cord ® adrenal medulla that produces epinephrine B. hypothalamus ® spinal cord ® adrenal medulla that produces norepinephrine C. hypothalamus ® posterior pituitary ® adrenal cortex that produces cortisol D. hypothalamus ® anterior pituitary ® adrenal cortex that produces cortisol 2.) Which of the following rows correctly identifies the types of hormones involved in the interactions of the nervous and master gland of the endocrine systems? Row Hypothalamus|Pituitary Gland A. releasing hormone tropic hormone B. releasing hormone target gland hormone C. tropic hormone releasing hormone D. tropic hormone target gland hormonea. Neurosecretory 52. Which is the following is an example of the nervous system directly i system? a. The secretion of cortisol early in the morning b. The continuous secretion of thyroid hormone c. The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine during the fi The secretion of insulin after a meal
- Choose false statement relatively to the nervous system impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus:A. Incidence is rareB. Often manifest with reduction of tendon reflexesC. Usually presented as encephalopathyD. Associated with sensitive lesions on lower extremitiesE. “Charcot Joint” spares motor functionJ. ↓ @ 2@ What would happen to the action potential if a much larger stimulus were applied to this neuron? 11 Fewer sodium ion channels would open. More potassium ion channels would open. Fewer potassium ion channels would open. ↑ Which is NOT a water-soluble hormone? No changes to the action potential would occur. 3 £ epinephrine cortisol thyroxine # / insulin с 4¢ % 5 ¤ M V6 31 Oll A ? & 6- 71 O ∞0 * O 82 9 9 ✓An area called the diencephalon includes the thalamus, which serves as an integrating center for sensory input. Immediately below it, is the _8__ which is critically important for helping us maintain homeostasis. The pituitary gland, which is sometimes referred to as the “master gland” of the endocrine system attaches to this structure by a stalk-like connection, but it is not visible in the specimen we’re looking at.