The following table shows the total costs for each of four firms (A,B,C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes. For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $40, and for Firm A to eliminate two units it would cost a total of $105. If the government charged a tax of $74 per unit of pollution, how many units of pollution would the firms eliminate altogether? Number of units Firm A Firm B Firm C Firm D eliminated

Can you explain why the following statement is false?  The efficient level of a pollution-emitting activity (e.g., production of a good) is that at which the marginal external cost of pollution is equal to zero.

A city currently emits 16 million gallons (MG) of raw sewage into a lake that is beside the city. The table below shows the total costs (TC) in thousands of dollars of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits (TB) of doing so. Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits. Emissions Total Cost Marginal Cost Total Benefit Marginal Benefit 16 MG Current N/A Current N/A 12 MG 50   800   8 MG 150   1300   4 MG 500   1650   0 MG 1200   1950   Complete the table. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? How can you tell?

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yn iru Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods: Available Methods to Reduce Pollution 1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation. 2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits. Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive. Cost of Eliminating the... Second Unit of Pollution First Unit of Pollution Firm (Dollars) (Dollars) Third Unit of Pollution (Dollars) 150 1,050 Firm X 80 100 800 450 Firm Y 200 Firm Z 120 95…

There are three industrial firms in a town Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units 20 units B с $30 $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. 1. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? 2. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?

The primary source of air pollution in the small town of Smokey, Nevada is a nearby steel mill. The local environmental agency has decided that the mill needs to reduce its emissions because the town's population is located directly downwind from it. Currently the agency is considering three different approaches to reducing pollution from the mill: a technology standard, an emission standard and an emission tax. Why might the owner of the mill prefer an emission standard to a technology standard that would produce the same level of emissions? a Because with emission standards the polluter is more flexible in selecting the technology that will minimize her abatement cost Ob. Because polluters usually try to stick to their existing technology O C. Because it has been proven to be easier to implement O d. Because polluters, as all producers are suspicious about new technologies

Im confused on this question.

Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $126 per permit. Complete the following table with the action each firm will take at this permit price, the amount of pollution each firm will eliminate, and the amount it costs each firm to reduce pollution to the necessary level. If a firm is willing to buy two permits, assume that it buys one permit from each of the other firms. (Hint: Do not include the prices paid for permits in the cost of reducing pollution.) Firm Firm A Firm B Firm C Initial Pollution Permit Allocation (Units of pollution) 2 2 2 Regulation Versus Tradable Permits Action Proposed Method Regulation Tradable Permits Final Amount of Pollution Eliminated (Units of pollution) Cost of Pollution Reduction (Dollars) Determine the total cost of eliminating six units of pollution using both methods, and enter the amounts in the following table. (Hint: You might need to get information from previous tasks to complete this table.) Total Cost of Eliminating…

Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods:   Available Methods to Reduce Pollution 1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation. 2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits.   Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive. Firm Cost of Eliminating the... First Unit of Pollution Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars) Firm X 90 125 180…