The following selected data were taken from the financial statements of Vidahill Inc. for December 31, 20Y7, 20Y6, and 20Y5: December 31 20Y7 20Y6 20Y5 Total assets $289,000 $260,000 $231,000 Notes payable (8% interest) 100,000 100,000 100,000 Common stock 40,000 40,000 40,000 Preferred 6% stock, $100 par 20,000 20,000 20,000 (no change during year) Retained earnings 118,925 80,715 60,000 The 20Y7 net income was $39,410, and the 20Y6 net income was $21,915. No dividends on common stock were declared between 20Y5 and 20Y7. Preferred dividends were declared and paid in full in 20Y6 and 20Y7. a. Determine the return on total assets, the rate earned on stockholders' equity, and the return on common stockholders’ equity for the years 20Y6 and 20Y7. When required, round to one decimal place. 20Y7 20Y6 Return on total assets % % Return on stockholders’ equity % % Return on common stockholders’ equity % %
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
The following selected data were taken from the financial statements of Vidahill Inc. for December 31, 20Y7, 20Y6, and 20Y5:
| December 31 | |||||||
| 20Y7 | 20Y6 | 20Y5 | |||||
| Total assets | $289,000 | $260,000 | $231,000 | ||||
| Notes payable (8% interest) | 100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||
| Common stock | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | ||||
| 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | |||||
| (no change during year) | |||||||
| 118,925 | 80,715 | 60,000 |
The 20Y7 net income was $39,410, and the 20Y6 net income was $21,915. No dividends on common stock were declared between 20Y5 and 20Y7. Preferred dividends were declared and paid in full in 20Y6 and 20Y7.
a. Determine the return on total assets, the rate earned on
| 20Y7 | 20Y6 | |||
| Return on total assets | % | % | ||
| Return on stockholders’ equity | % | % | ||
| Return on common stockholders’ equity | % | % |
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