The following direct materials data pertain to the operations of Cheyenne Co. for the month of December. Standard materials price Actual quantity of materials purchased and used The standard cost card shows that a finished product contains 4 pounds of materials. The 16,550 pounds were purchased in December at a discount of 4% from the standard price. In December, 4,050 units of finished product were manufactured. Calculate the materials variances. Identify whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable. Materials Price Variance $5.00 per pound 16,550 pounds S
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Variance Analysis
In layman's terms, variance analysis is an analysis of a difference between planned and actual behavior. Variance analysis is mainly used by the companies to maintain a control over a business. After analyzing differences, companies find the reasons for the variance so that the necessary steps should be taken to correct that variance.
Standard Costing
The standard cost system is the expected cost per unit product manufactured and it helps in estimating the deviations and controlling them as well as fixing the selling price of the product. For example, it helps to plan the cost for the coming year on the various expenses.
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- Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.Hillsong Inc. manufactures snowsuits. Hillsong is considering purchasing a new sewing machine at a cost of $2.45 million. Its existing machine was purchased five years ago at a price of $1.8 million; six months ago, Hillsong spent $55,000 to keep it operational. The existing sewing machine can be sold today for $240,438. The new sewing machine would require a one-time, $85,000 training cost. Operating costs would decrease by the following amounts for years 1 to 7: Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No $390,900 399,800 410,100 425,400 434,000 434,900 436,400 The new sewing machine would be depreciated according to the declining-balance method at a rate of 20%. The salvage value is expected to be $379,100. This new equipment would require maintenance costs of $94,000 at the end of the fifth year. The cost of capital is 9%. Click here to view the factor table. Use the net present value method to determine the following: (If net present value is negative then enter with negative sign preceding the number…Oriole Inc. manufactures snowsuits. Oriole is considering purchasing a new sewing machine at a cost of $2.45 million. Its existing machine was purchased 5 years ago at a price of $1.8 million; six months ago, Oriole spent $55,000 to keep it operational. The existing sewing machine can be sold today for $211,855. The new sewing machine would require a one-time, $85,000 training cost. Operating costs would decrease by the following amounts for years 1 to 7: Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $390,600 399,400 411,000 425.900 432,000 434,600 436,400 The new sewing machine would be depreciated according to the declining-balance method at a rate of 20%. The salvage value is expected to be $379,400. This new equipment would require maintenance costs of $94,200 at the end of the fifth year. The cost of capital is 9%. Click here to view PV table
- Blossom Inc. manufactures snowsuits. Blossom is considering purchasing a new sewing machine at a cost of $2.45 million. Its existing machine was purchased 5 years ago at a price of $1.8 million; six months ago, Blossom spent $55,000 to keep it operational. The existing sewing machine can be sold today for $241,705. The new sewing machine would require a one-time, $85,000 training cost. Operating costs would decrease by the following amounts for years 1 to 7: " Year 1 $390,100 2 400,600 3 410,600 4 425,000 5 432,900 6 434,500 7 436,400 The new sewing machine would be depreciated according to the declining-balance method at a rate of 20%. The salvage value is expected to be $379,900. This new equipment would require maintenance costs of $94,600 at the end of the fifth year. The cost of capital is 9%. Click here to view the factor table. Use the net present value method to determine the following: (If net present value is negative then enter with negative sign preceding the number e.g.-45…Hillsong Inc. manufactures snowsuits. Hillsong is considering purchasing a new sewing machine at a cost of $2.45 million. Its existing machine was purchased five years ago at a price of $1.8 million; six months ago, Hillsong spent $55,000 to keep it operational. The existing sewing machine can be sold today for $250,000. The new sewing machine would require a one-time, $85,000 training cost. Operating costs would decrease by the following amounts for years 1 to 7: Year 1 $390,000 2 400,000 3 411,000 4 426,000 5 434,000 6 435,000 7 436,000 The new sewing machine would be depreciated according to the declining-balance method at a rate of 20%. The salvage value is expected to be $400,000. This new equipment would require maintenance costs of $100,000 at the end of the fifth year. The cost of capital is 9%0/4 E ! Crane Inc. manufactures snowsuits. Crane is considering purchasing a new sewing machine at a cost of $2.45 million. Its existing machine was purchased 5 years ago at a price of $1.8 million; six months ago, Crane spent $55,000 to keep it operational. The existing sewing machine can be sold today for $241,835. The new sewing machine would require a one-time, $85,000 training cost. Operating costs would decrease by the following amounts for years 1 to 7: Year 1 $389,500 2 399,400 3 411,000 4 425,400 5 433,700 6 435,300 7 437,300 The new sewing machine would be depreciated according to the declining-balance method at a rate of 20%. The salvage value is expected to be $379,500. This new equipment would require maintenance costs of $94,500 at the end of the fifth year. The cost of capital is 9%. Click here to view PV table. Use the net present value method to determine the following: (If net present value is negative then enter with negative sign preceding the number eg.-45 or…
- Bobwhite Laundromat is trying to enhance the services it provides to customers, mostly college students. It is looking into the purchase of new high-efficiency washing machines that will allow for the laundry's status to be checked via smartphone. Bobwhite estimates the cost of the new equipment at $191,000. The equipment has a useful life of 9 years. Bobwhite expects cash fixed costs of $77,000 per year to operate the new machines, as well as cash variable costs in the amount of 5% of revenues. Bobwhite evaluates investments using a cost of capital of 10%. Present Value of $1 table Present Value of Annuity of $1 table Future Value of $1 table Future Value of Annuity of $1 table Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Calculate the payback period and the discounted payback period for this investment, assuming Bobwhite expects to generate $150,000 in incremental revenues every year from the new machines. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) The payback period in years, for the…An automobile manufacturer is considering a change in an assembly line that should save moneyby reducing labor and material cost. The change involves the installation of four new robots thatwill automatically install windshields. The cost of the four robots, including installation and initial programming, is $400,000. Current practice is to amortize the initial cost of robots over two years on a straight-line basis. The process engineer estimates that one full-time technician will be needed to monitor, maintain, and reprogram the robots on an ongoing basis. This person will cost approximately $60,000 per year. Currently, the company uses four full-time employees on this job and each makes about $52,000 per year. One of these employees is a material handler, and this person will still be needed with the new process. To complicate matters, the process engineer estimates that the robots will apply the windshield sealing material in a manner that will result in a savings of $0.25 per…A consultant has recommended that you modernize a production line. Costs include $650,000 in equipment, a $10,000 investment in net working capital at the time of installation, and $5,000 in delivery and installation costs. The consultant has billed the firm for $7,500 for her analysis of the project. If the project is undertaken, an employee training program costing $8,000 would be required. The old machinery has no book value but can be sold for $100,000. Your firm's marginal tax rate is 34%. What is the initial outlay associated with the project? 619,500 612,000 570,000 578,000 607,000
- Realforce is considering making a new mechanical keyboard. The company has spent $200,000 in research for a silent mechanical switch, which they can use on the new keyboard. Realforce estimates that they can sell $5,000 units of the new keyboard per year at $250 per unit for the next 4 years. The production cost per keyboard is $200. The fixed costs for the project will run $50,000 per year. To start the production, Realforce has to invest a total of $400,000 in manufacturing equipment, The equipment will be 100 percent depreciated over a straight line basis for the next 4 years and become valueless at the end of the project. The tax rate is 35 percent and the discount rate is 15 percent. a) What is the operating cash flow for this project? b) What is the project's NPV? c) Suppose that the manu facturing equipment will have a market value of $18,000 at the end of the project and the project requires an initial investment in net working capital of $10,000, which is fully recoverable at…Sage Laundromat is trying to enhance the services it provides to customers, mostly college students. It is looking into the purchase of new highefficiency washing machines that will allow for the laundry’s status to be checked via smartphone. Sage estimates the cost of the new equipment at $159,000. The equipment has a useful life of 9 years. Sage expects cash fixed costs of $80,000 per year to operate the new machines, as well as cash variable costs in the amount of 5% of revenues. Sage evaluates investments using a cost of capital of 10%. Q. Calculate the payback period and the discounted payback period for this investment, assuming Sage expects to generate $140,000 in incremental revenues every year from the new machines.A tool and die company in Hanover is considering the purchase of a drill press with fuzzy - logic software to improve accuracy and reduce tool wear . The company has the opportunity to buy a slightly used machine for $ 15,000 or a new one for $ 21,000 . Because the new machine is a more sophisticated model , its operating cost is expected to be $ 7000 per year , while the used machine is expected to require $ 8200 per year . Each machine is expected to have a 25 - year life with a 5 % salvage value . Using ROR method , calculate which one is more profitable for the company MARR is 10 %.