The first ionisation and electron gain energies for the 2nd row of the periodic table are given in the table below. Explain the trends present in the data. Element Li Be B OZOF C N First lonisation Energy (kJ mol¹) 520 900 801 1086 1402 1314 1681 2081 Ne § Electron gain energy = -Electron affinity. First Electron Gain Energy (kJ mol-¹) -60 >0 -27 -122 >0 -141 -328 >0

Of the five elements Sn, Si, Sb, O, Te, which has the most endothermic reaction? (E represents an atom.) What name is given to the energy for the reaction? E(g)E+(g)+e

The energy needed to remove one electron from a gaseous potassium atom is only about two-thirds as much as that needed to remove one electron from a gaseous calcium atom, yet nearly three times as much energy as that needed to remove one electron from K+ as from Ca+ . What explanation can you give for this contrast? What do you expect to be the relation between the ionization energy of Ca+ and that of neutral K?

For each of the following pairs of elements, choose the one that correctly completes the following table.

Cesium is used extensively in photocells and in television cameras because it has the lowest ionization energy of all the stable elements. (a) What is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron ejected from cesium by 520 nm light? Note that if the wavelength of the light used to irradiate the cesium surface becomes longer than 660 nm, no photoelectrons are emitted. (b) Use the rest mass of the electron to calculate the velocity of the photoelectron in (a).

For each of the following pairs of atoms or ions, state which you expect to have the larger radius. (a) Na or K (b) Cs or Cs+ (c) Rb+ or Kr (d) K or Ca (e) Cl or Ar

Does the information on alkali metals in Table 2-8 of the text confirm the general periodic trends in ionization energy and atomic radius? Explain.

Group the electronic configurations of neutral elements in sets according to those you would expect to show similar chemical properties. Set A Set B Answer Bank 1s 252p 3s²3p 1s 252p°3s²3p 1s²2s²2p°3s²3p°4s²3d!04p° 1s252p Determine the chemical symbols for the neutral elements corresponding to the electronic configurations. Use proper formatting; letter case matters. 1s²25 2p?: 1s 25 2p°3s²3p°4s²3d!04p°:

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Q1. This question is about atomic structure. (a) Write the full electron configuration for each of the following species. CH Fe2+ (b) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of manganese is measured. (c) State which of the elements magnesium and aluminium has the lower first ionisation energy Explain your answer. (d) A sample of nickel was analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The sample was ionised by electron impact ionisation. The spectrum produced showed three peaks with abundances as set out in the table. m/z Abundance /% 58 61.0 60 29.1 61 9.9 Give the symbol, including mass number, of the ion that would reach the detector first in the sample. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the nickel in the sample. Give your answer to one decimal place. Page 2 of 12 Symbol of ion Relative atomic mass