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Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Viral Characteristics: A Critical Review
#### Multiple-Choice Question on Viral Nature
**Question:**
Which ONE of the following answer choices is NOT a suitable explanation for the fact that viruses are non-living entities?
**Options:**
A) Virions are unable to reproduce by themselves.
B) Virions are not able to synthesize DNA by themselves.
C) Virions are not able to metabolize by themselves.
D) Virions are not able to assemble spontaneously.
---
This question is designed to enhance students' comprehension of why viruses are categorized as non-living entities. It probes the understanding of fundamental characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living entities, particularly focusing on viruses.

Transcribed Image Text:**The Effect of a Competitive Inhibitor on Enzymatic Activity**
**Question:**
The effect of a competitive inhibitor can be reversed by _______.
**Answer Choices:**
1. Changing the pH
2. Heating the reaction mixture
3. Increasing substrate concentration
4. Increasing inhibitor concentration
5. Massaging the enzyme
**Explanation:**
In the context of enzyme kinetics, a competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme. This type of inhibitor is typically reversible and its effects can often be counteracted by increasing the concentration of the substrate. The higher substrate concentration can outcompete the inhibitor for the active site, thereby restoring the enzyme's activity.
**Correct Answer:**
- Increasing substrate concentration
This answer effectively negates the impact of the inhibitor by providing more substrate molecules, which increases the probability that the active sites of the enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate rather than the inhibitor.
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- Please handraw this graph with all the necessary detailed information: Imagine that I text enzyme rate for four different temperatures: 10 degrees celsius, 20 degrees celsisus, 30 degree celsius, and 40 degree celsius, in separate tubes. The enzyme appears to work faster as temperature increases, but completely ceases activity at 40 degrees celcius. Sketch a graph to show this outcome, but here you will graph product formation (nmoles/mL) vs. time (minutes). The graph should be 4 lines and HANDDRAWN. Include a legend if necessary. You do not need precise quantitivate values, but most show the correct trends on the graph.arrow_forwardUse graphs to illustrate enzyme activity as a function of the following: II. a. Substrate Concentration max velocity v max Rate Substrate Concentration b. Enzyme concentration Rate Enzyme Conc. с. рH Optimum Temperature Increasod temp. results in denaturation Rate Temperature d. Temperature Optimum pH Rate Increas ing pHarrow_forwardHow would a competitive inhibitor change the Km and the Vmax for an enzyme? Explain why a competitive inhibitor would result in these changes.arrow_forward
- Evaluate the line depicted by line B, presence of . | A B C Substrate concentration O competitive inhibitor O irreversible inhibitor noncompetitive inhibitor normal enzyme and substrate interaction O reversible inhibitor Rate of reactionarrow_forwardWhat is true about a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme? You can choose more than one a. it binds the active site b. it binds an allosteric site c. it physically blocks the substrate d. it warps the active site e. it can be overcome with large amounts of substratearrow_forwardA plot of 1½5 venut VSL, Glld a Br-weaver Burk or double-reciprocal plot, is a useful tool for identifying the type of Madily each gaph by dragging the endpoints to show the various types of enzyme inhibition. What is the inhibition mechanism for the competitive inhibitor? The inhibisr binde cenly in recemyne The inhibitor bindx only lo cozyme- substrate complexe The inhibike binds tas bath free enzyme and enzyme xubxirale completes with identical binding axolante. The inhibikr binds to both free enzyme and cozyme substrate completes with different binding constants. What is the inhibition mechaniam for the uncompetitive inhibitor? The inhibitor binds only to free ENZYMES. The inhibitor bind is both tree enzyme and enzyme auhdraic compleaca with identical binding coulants. The inhibar binds only in enzyme ubrale complex.ca. The inhibir bindis in bath free enzyme and cxyme aubairale complicaca with dill crcnt binding costanix. LAST Nompumps dve shk with inbibus WHEY Pullie mechanism kot…arrow_forward
- What effect will competitive inhibitor have on the apparent Km of an enzyme for its substrate?arrow_forwardThe representative reaction of the enzymatic process is:arrow_forwardSketch a graph showing how the concentration of product P varies with time for chymotrypsin-catalysed hydrolysis using a substrate that displays both Michaelis-Menten kinetics and burst kinetics. On the same graph show the effect of doubling the enzyme concentration, keeping all other conditions the same.arrow_forward
- A competitive inhibitor binds to the - active site of theenzyme - a substrate -N termininus of the enzyme -more than one of thesearrow_forwardMatch the type of enzyme inhibition on the left with the example of an inhibitor on the right. i Instructions Competitive inhibition Non-competitive inhibition by regulatory molecules Non-competitive inhibition by enzyme poisons Mercury Sulfa drugs Allosteric regulators.arrow_forwardWHICH OPTIN IS TRUE QUICK I WILL RATE NO EXPLANATION NEEDEDarrow_forward
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