The concentrations of K+ in water were measured with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). Four water samples obtained at different cities were used, and each sample was measured one time. The measurements are shown in the table below: Fresno Tulare Clovis Selma 12.5 ppm 5.5 ppm 8.9 ppm 6.7 ppm 5.0 ppm 9.8 ppm 5.4 ppm 7.0 ppm What is the calculated t-value (tcalculated) for the statistical comparison of these two methods? AAS AES 1.908 2.664 2.309 2.938 3.012

Consider the following table: SS DF MS ? Among Treatments 4468.45 Error Total Step 2 of 8: Calculate the degrees of freedom among treatments. 10 706.87 15 LL F

3. Consider a gas in a piston-cylinder device in which the temperature is held constant. As the volume of the device was changed, the pressure was meas- ured. The volume and pressure values are reported in the following table: Volume, m Pressure, kPa, when I = 300 K 1 2494 2 1247 3 831 4. 623 5 499 416 (a) Usc lincar interpolation to cstimate the pressure when the volume is 3.8 m. (b) Usc cubic spline interpolation to estimate the pressurc when the vol umc is 3.8 m'. (c) Usc lincar interpolation to cstimate the volume if the pressure is meas- urcd to be 1000 kPa. (d) Usc cubic spline interpolation to estimate the volume if the pressure is mcasured to be 1000 kPa.

Scientists are looking at the effects of global warming on clutches of sea turtle hatchlings in different parts of the world. The data below has been collected: 1.Temperature of Incubation (in Kelvin) 2. Gender Group of Hatchling Clutch (0=0% male; 1= greater than 0% but less than or equal to 10% male; 2= greater than 10% but less than 20% male; 3= greater than 20% but less than or equal to 30% male and so on) 3. Number of hatched eggs 4. number of unhatched eggs 5. Location of Turtles (0=west North America; 1= west South America; 2= tropical regions of Pacific; 3= northwestern Atlantic; 4= Indian Ocean  Which of the above variables are measured using a nominal scale, ordinal scale and ratio scale. (An answer can be none of variables)   thank you