The Bombay phenotypes is an example of: A) locus heterogenicity and complementation B) Additive gene interaction C) Variation in trait penetrance D) Epistasis

I am trying to understand how linkage works, and I am hoping someone can explain how to solve the following problem: The diagram shows the linkage maps for four genes: A, B, C, and D. Which genes are most likely to undergo recombination?  Which genes are least likely to recombine? A.) A and D B.) C and D C.) B and C

Within a large population, it is unusual for a single gene to have more than two different alleles (versions). A) True B) False

Below is a pedigree showing transmission of a disease; affected individuals are indicated by solid circles or boxes. Represented below the pedigree are two nylon membranes; DNA samples from each individual in the pedigree were spotted in identical fashion on each membrane. Each individual's DNA appears directly below his or her position in the pedigree. Each membrane was hybridized with allele specific oligonucleotides that detect the two alternative alleles of a single SNP locus (ASO 1 and ASO 2). Positive hybridization is represented as a filled circle and lack of hybridization is represented as an open circle. I 11 III IV V ASO 1 ASO 2 To 1 2 3 4 5 6 a. What is the mode of transmission of this disease? 12 b. Which SNP allele (ASO1 or ASO2) is originally linked to the disease gene? c. Draw a diagram of the event that gave rise to the genotype of individual IV-5. d. Individual V-1 is an unborn fetus. If the SNP locus is 10 CM from the disease locus, what is the likelihood that he will…

PKU is a recessive disorder based on a single mutant gene. Consider that Noor is a carrier, but her partner Hamza has never had an incidence of PKU show up in his family history, which dates back to four generations. What is the likelihood their first child might develop PKU according to their genetics counselor?   a)    100%!   b)    50%   c)   25%   d)   0%

How can you use this piece of information to help you explain to your friends what is the significance of mutations in the emergence of new genetic properties (alleles) that may result (or not) in new phenotypic characteristics? (Recall that not all SNPs affect phenotype.)

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait in humans. In a cross between a father who has sickle cell anemia and a mother who is heterozygous for the sickle cell allele, what is the probability that both of their first two children will be affected? A) none B) 1/16 C) 1/8 D) ¼ E) ½

Which of the following choices accurately describe what makes one person different from another with regard to traits (such as height) that have a very high heritability?  Choose all that apply a) What makes us different is not that we have different genes, but that we have different alleles of many of those genes b) What makes us different from each other is that we have different genes from each other c) Random factors during development is the most significant causes of differences between people d) Most of us have exactly the same genes and alleles, and it’s the environment we were raised in that makes us different e) None of the other choices are accurate

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects 1 in 3 000 newborns with Caucasian background. It causes thick mucus build up in various organs and can cause damages and problems in respiratory and digestive systems. a) What is the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele in the Caucasian population? Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.  b) What percentage of the Caucasian population would be carriers for cystic fibrosis? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to two decimal places.  c)If two individuals are carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele, what is the probability that they would have a girl without cystic fibrosis? Show all your work (including the Punnett square) and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.

a) what feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows scientists to visualize them as seperate blocks? b) Even though the fugure analyzes nine different SNPs, genotyping just two of se SNPs would allow you to predict the genotype of almost everyone in the population. Explain why this limited genotyping has predictive value. c) When obtaining the data allowing construction of triangular diagrams, have researchers typically genotyped common SNPs or rare SNPs? Explain.