Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question

The body uses ketone bodies as fuel “during times of extreme starvation” and that ketosis “is an important survival mechanism that maintains high rates of fatty acid oxidation when carbohydrate stores are depleted” but that “it can lead to pathologic conditions.” Summarize what ketosis is metabolically, including figure 16.15 from the text in your summary.

Acetyl-CoA H₂C Acetone CoA B-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase Acetoacetate decarboxylase HMG-CoA synthase H₂C H₂C #focan COA H₂C HMG-CoA lyase co:4/ H₂C OH S-CoA на COA Acetyl-CoA + H₂O Acetyl-CoA CH₂ -CoA -CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA OH CH (HMG-CoA) Acetoacetate NADH + H NAD CH ₂ D-B-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase D-B-Hydroxybutyrate Cholesterol Export ketone bodies to the blood Figure 16.15 The ketone bodies acetoacetate and D-B- hydroxybutyrate are formed from two molecules of acetyl-CoA in a three-step reaction pathway. Ketone bodies produced in the liver are exported into the blood.
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Transcribed Image Text:Acetyl-CoA H₂C Acetone CoA B-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase Acetoacetate decarboxylase HMG-CoA synthase H₂C H₂C #focan COA H₂C HMG-CoA lyase co:4/ H₂C OH S-CoA на COA Acetyl-CoA + H₂O Acetyl-CoA CH₂ -CoA -CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA OH CH (HMG-CoA) Acetoacetate NADH + H NAD CH ₂ D-B-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase D-B-Hydroxybutyrate Cholesterol Export ketone bodies to the blood Figure 16.15 The ketone bodies acetoacetate and D-B- hydroxybutyrate are formed from two molecules of acetyl-CoA in a three-step reaction pathway. Ketone bodies produced in the liver are exported into the blood.
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