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Genetic studies have shown that the oldest and most diverse human DNA samples come from Africa, which suggests that our species likely originated there. Additionally, studies of mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down through the maternal line, suggest that all modern humans can trace their ancestry back to a single African woman who lived around 200,000 years ago.
Archaeological evidence also supports the idea that early humans evolved in the African savanna. Fossil remains of early Homo sapiens have been found in several locations in East Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. These fossils suggest that early humans were adapting to life on the savanna, which provided a variety of resources, such as plant foods, large game animals, and water sources, that would have been essential for their survival and development as a species.
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- Which of the following is most likely to be true of two modern organisms that have a distant evolutionary relationship? a. They should have fewer homologous traits in common than two more closely related organisms b. They should have very similar chromosomes Oc. They live in very different habitats d. They should be members of the same genus e. They should have a relatively recent common ancestor*arrow_forwardWhich sequence of events in human evolution is most widely accepted? A. increase in brain size, tool-use, bipedalism, movement out of Africa B. tool-use, bipedalism, increase in brain size, use of fire C. bipedalism, increase in brain size, tool-use D. tool-use, use of fire, increase in brain size E. bipedalism, tool-use, increase in brain size How do we know that the footprints discovered by Mary Leakey’s team at the site of Laetoli are those of bipedal hominids? A. There is no evidence of a divergent big toe B. The stride width and length were similar to modern humans C. There is evidence of an arch D. all of these E. A and C only Which of the following were the first to arrive to the Western Hemisphere? A. Modern Homo sapiens B. Archaic Homo sapiens C. Homo erectus D. Neanderthalsarrow_forwardThe Neanderthal nuclear genome: A. Shows that Neanderthals inherited their ability to flake stone directly from Homo habilis. B. Is overwhelmingly similar to the modern human genome. C. Demonstrates once and for all that Neanderthals had language. D. Is composed exclusively of mitochondrial DNA. E. Indicates that most Neanderthal females died young, which explains why Neanderthal populations were so small.arrow_forward
- The nuclear DNA of the Denisovans tells us that they: A. Are more closely related to Neandertals than Homo sapiens. B. Interbred with modern humans expanding out of Africa after 50,000. C. Evolved from Southeast Asian Homo erectus. D. Both A and B. E. None of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following examples provides biogeographical evidence for the process of evolution? a. Pythons retain leg bones within their body b. Marsupials evolved in Australia when it separated from other landmasses c. Whales are related to hippos because they have similar pelvic and leg bones d. All organisms have DNA e. Both B & Darrow_forwardWhat is true about evolution by natural selection? a. It is a largely random process. b. Homology shows that convergence is a useful tool for deducing adaptive function. c. Mothers are invariably members of the same species as their offspring, so selection can never create new species. d. Harmful recessive genes are eliminated more rapidly than harmful dominant genes. e. None of the above is true.arrow_forward
- Differentiate Australopithecus afarensis from Australopithecus africanus. Basis A. afarensis A. africanus a. Discoverer b. cultural means of adaptation c. diet d. greatest achievement e. size of the skull f. brain mass g. timeline of survival on earth h. specific habitat i. height and sizearrow_forwardModern humans first entered the Americas about____ years ago, and Australia and New Guinea by at least____ years ago. a. 15,000; 200,000 b. 50,000; 20,000 c. 100,000; 200,000 d. 20,000; 50,000arrow_forwardWhich of the following represents the best examples of homologous structures (i.e. results of shared ancestry)? a. bones in an eagle wing and bones in a lion's front leg O b. sparrow wing and bee wing O c. beetle leg and chicken leg d/eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American molearrow_forward
- According to "The Complex Evolution of Homo sapiens", what is the significance of the L3 gene and who was the L3 woman? A.Only individuals within North and South America descended from the L3 woman. B.All individuals within Africa are descended from the L3 woman. C.All individuals outside of Africa and who live in the Old World are descended from the L3 woman. D.All individuals outside of Africa are descended from the L3 womanarrow_forwardBoth raccoons and monkeys have front feet/hands with long fingers that enable them to grasp and manipulate objects. The fact that their 'hands' contain the same bones and muscles which were also present in their ancestors is an example of...? Group of answer choices A. neither B. convergent evolution C. homologyarrow_forwardWhy was Jean Baptiste Lamarck wrong about the mechanism of evolution? A. Because giraffes haven't evolved in billions of years. B. Because individuals do not pass on any traits that they acquire during their lifetime. C. Because individuals can change their traits during their lifetime and pass on those traits to their offpsring. D. Because he misunderstood the structure of DNA.arrow_forward
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