Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Molecular biology, please explain in detail
Transcribed Image Text:**The Arabinose Operon**
**How does the araC protein regulate the arabinose operon? How does its binding (to what) differ in the presence or absence of arabinose? How is transcription thought to be influenced?**
In the image provided, several experiments illustrate how the araC protein functions in the regulation of the arabinose operon. The analysis involves electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and various experimental conditions to elucidate the molecular interactions of the araC protein with DNA in the presence and absence of arabinose, which ultimately influences transcription.
**Diagram Explanation:**
1. **Left Panel:**
- Three sets of lanes depict the electrophoretic mobility assay results for different conditions (no Ara in solution, Ara added, no Ara in the gel).
- The bands labeled “Nicked” represent nicked DNA that has irregular migration due to single-strand breaks.
- “Unlooped” and “Looped” bands represent different conformations of the DNA-arabinose complexes.
- The presence or absence of AraC protein and arabinose (Ara) results in different band patterns indicating conformational changes in the DNA.
2. **Right Panel:**
- This part shows time-course experiments and protein binding using different types of bacteria (wild-type, araO mutant, and araI mutant).
- Lanes are labeled with time points (minutes) for the wild-type and mutants, showing how DNA-protein complexes form over time.
- The bands show how the arabinose binding influences the formation of the loops, which is indicative of araC binding to specifically recognized DNA sites.
**Summary Analysis:**
The results indicate that the araC protein regulates the arabinose operon by binding to specific DNA sequences, forming complexes that can either inhibit or stimulate transcription depending on the presence of arabinose. Absence of arabinose fosters a repressive loop conformation, while its presence changes the conformation to an open state that facilitates transcription. This dynamic interplay underscores the role of AraC as a dual regulator that can act either as an activator or repressor depending on the environmental conditions, specifically the availability of arabinose.
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