the amino acid glutamic acid is at the active site of an enzyme. Normally the enzyme is active at pH 7. at pH 4 (higher concentration of H+), the enzyme is inactive. Explain there observations

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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the amino acid glutamic acid is at the active site of an enzyme. Normally the enzyme is active at pH 7. at pH 4 (higher concentration of H+), the enzyme is inactive. Explain there observations

TABLE 3.2 The Twenty Amino Acids in Proteins
A Amino acids with electrically charged hydrophilic side chains
Positive e
Negative e
Arginine
(Arg: R)
Histidine
(His; H)
Lysine
(Lys: K)
Amino acids have
The general
Aspartic acid
(Asp, D)
Glutamic acid
(Glu; E)
both three-letter
structure of all
H.
amino acids is
and single-letter
abbreviations
the same...
HN-C
COO
H,N-C
COO
HN-C
COO
HN-C-CO
CH2
...but each
has a different
side chain.
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
C-NH
CH2
COO
CH2
CH
CH2
NH
HC -NH
CH2
c=NH,
*NH3
NH2
B. Amino acids with polar but uncharged side chains (hydrophilic)
C. Special cases
Giycine
(Gly; G)
Proline
Serina
(Ser: S
Glutamine
(Gln; Q)
Tyrosine
(Tyr: Y)
Cysteine
(Cys: C)
Threonine
Asparagine
(Asn; N)
(Pro; P)
HN-CCOO- HN-C-coo HN-C-coo HN-C Coo HN-C-C00-
HN-C-CO0- HN-C-C00- HN-C-coo-
H-C-OH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
HC
CH2
CHCH
CH3
CH2
CH2
SH
H2N
OH
H2N
D. Amino acids with nonpolar hydrophobic side chains
Valine
Phenylalanine
(Phe; F)
Tryptophan
(Trp; W)
Leucine
Methionine
(Val; V)
Isoleucine
(lle; )
Alanine
(Met; M)
(Leu; L)
(Ala; A)
HN-C-Coo-
HN-C-CO0
H3N-C-CO0-
HN-C-coo
Coo HN C-COo-
HN-C-CoO
CH
HN"
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
H-C-CH3
C=CH
CH2
CH
NH
CH2
CH3
CH3
HC
CH3
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 3.2 The Twenty Amino Acids in Proteins A Amino acids with electrically charged hydrophilic side chains Positive e Negative e Arginine (Arg: R) Histidine (His; H) Lysine (Lys: K) Amino acids have The general Aspartic acid (Asp, D) Glutamic acid (Glu; E) both three-letter structure of all H. amino acids is and single-letter abbreviations the same... HN-C COO H,N-C COO HN-C COO HN-C-CO CH2 ...but each has a different side chain. CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C-NH CH2 COO CH2 CH CH2 NH HC -NH CH2 c=NH, *NH3 NH2 B. Amino acids with polar but uncharged side chains (hydrophilic) C. Special cases Giycine (Gly; G) Proline Serina (Ser: S Glutamine (Gln; Q) Tyrosine (Tyr: Y) Cysteine (Cys: C) Threonine Asparagine (Asn; N) (Pro; P) HN-CCOO- HN-C-coo HN-C-coo HN-C Coo HN-C-C00- HN-C-CO0- HN-C-C00- HN-C-coo- H-C-OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 HC CH2 CHCH CH3 CH2 CH2 SH H2N OH H2N D. Amino acids with nonpolar hydrophobic side chains Valine Phenylalanine (Phe; F) Tryptophan (Trp; W) Leucine Methionine (Val; V) Isoleucine (lle; ) Alanine (Met; M) (Leu; L) (Ala; A) HN-C-Coo- HN-C-CO0 H3N-C-CO0- HN-C-coo Coo HN C-COo- HN-C-CoO CH HN" CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 H-C-CH3 C=CH CH2 CH NH CH2 CH3 CH3 HC CH3
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