that in 1000 memory references there are 50 misses in the first-level cache, 20 misses in the second-level cache, and 5 misses in the third-level cache. Assume the miss penalty from the L3 cache to memory is 100 clock cycle, the hit time of the L3 cache is 10 clocks, the hit time of the L2 cache is 4 clocks, the hit time of L1 is 1 clock cycle. What is the average memory access time?

Q: A cache memory system with capacity of N words and block size of B words is to be designed. If it is…

A: For a 4-way set associative cache, the length of the TAG field is given below:

Q: Given: A MIPS computer system with 1 GB of main memory. It has a 4K-Byte direct-mapped cache with a…

A: Given: *) computer system with 1 GB of main memory  *) 4K-Byte direct-mapped cache . *) block size…

Q: Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 2^24 bytes of main memory and a…

A: In a set-associative cache,  it can be defined in such a way that the cache is divided into units,…

Q: A cache is set up with a block size of 32 words. There are 16 blocks in cache and set up to be…

A: Block size = 32 words  Block Offset = 5 bits Total # of blocks inside cache = 16 So index bits = 4…

Q: A direct-mapped cache consists of 8 blocks. A byte-addressable main memory contains 4K blocks of…

A: Steps to calculate:Step 1: Calculate the cache hit rate (H)            H = Number of cache hits /…

Q: For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address are used…

A: The correct answer for the above mentioned question is given in the following steps for your…

Q: alculate the hit time at L2 cache in a 1.3GHz. processor assuming that the global average memory…

A: Given Data : Frequency = 1.3 GHz Average memory access time =  5.81 cycles Hit rate at L1 =  0.91%…

Q: If we have to design a 4 - way set - associative cache of 8 MB size that could work for a main…

A: Answer 1> 221 (the number of cache blocks that 8MB cache can accommodate) Answer 2> Size  of…

Q: Suppose a computer using direct mapped cache has 23232 bytes of byte-addressable main memory, and a…

A: I have answered this question in step 2.

Q: For a direct-mapped cache design with a 64-bit address, the following bits of the address are used…

A:

Q: Suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 4G bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a…

A: Cache mapping refers to the technique used for bringing content from the main memory into the cache…

Q: Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 4Mbyes of main memory and a…

A: Set-associative caches are an essential component of modern computer systems, aiming to improve data…

Q: A cache is set up with a block size of 32 words. There are 64 blocks in cache and set up to be 4-way…

A: Each block has 32 words, so the block offset = 25 words. So Block offset field can be represented by…

Q: Consider a machine with Byte Addressable main Memory of 4 GB ivided in to blocks of size 32 bytes.…

A: Here in this question we have given main memory= 4 GB  Block size = 32B Tag = 18 bit  Find - no of…

Q: e access tim ess time of c -1 is thrice th ty from the L ock cycles. T of the system

A:

Q: Given a 4-way set associative cache, which has 256 blocks and 64 bytes per block. Assume a 32-bit…

A:

Q: Index Tag Tag (binary) | (8 bits) 1 Valid 00 01 (8 bits) | Valid 10 86 42 69 FD 11 000 AF BC 19 6D 1…

A: The maximum size of met in kb is  =25  =64 kb

Q: Suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224224 bytes of byte-addressable main memory…

A: Introduction: Faster access to memory may be achieved by putting frequently used data in the CPU's…

Q: For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address are used…

A: For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address are…

Q: If memory read cycle takes 100 ns and a cache read cycle takes 20 ns, then for four continuous…

A: Memory Read cycle : 100nsCache Read cycle : 20ns Four continuous reference is done - one reference…

Q: Assume you have a 8-way set associative cache having 16K lines each having capacity of 8 Bytes. A…

A: First of all, we need to determine what the index bits are and from above we know the offset is 9…

Q: Assume you have a 8-way set associative cache having 16K lines each having capacity of 8 Bytes. A…

A: A.  Block size = 8 bytes So # of data bytes brought= size of block = 8

Q: Calculate the total number of lines of "direct mapping" cache, If a main memory is 1G words divided…

A: Given main memory size of 1G words  Block size = 32 words  Find = total no of line in cache.

Q: Assume a cache system has been designed such that each block contains 4 words and the cache has 1024…

A:

Q: A computer using a direct mapped cache has 220 Bytes of memory (byte addressable) and a cache of 32…

A: Given that a direct mapped cache has 220 Bytes of memorycache of 32 blocks, and each block contains…

Q: Consider a 8-way set-associative cache memory unit with a capacity of 262144 bytes is built using a…

A: Let us first derive what is given in the question for better understanding.

Q: Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 224 bytes of main memory and a…

A: In a set-associative cache, the memory address is divided into three main fields: tag, set, and…

Q: When considering a direct mapped cache with memory that is byte addressable, how would you calculate…

A: Cache Memory: A cache memory is the quickest memory other than the register from which the CPU…

Q: Assume the address format for a fully-associative cache is as follows: 6 bis 2 bits Tag Offset Given…

A: According to the information given:- We have to choose the memory reference OxDA results in a cache…

Q: How would you compute the number of tag bits in a direct mapped cache with byte addressable memory…

A: Introduction: The fastest memory, other than the register from which the CPU fetches data and…

Q: For a direct-mapped cache design with 32-bit addresses and 32-bit words (data and instructions). the…

A: Given, The number of bits in Tag=(31-17)+1=15 The number of bits in the Index=(16-5)+1=12 The number…

Q: Suppose a computer using direct mapped cache has 236 bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a…

A: Actually, cache memory is a fast access memory.

Q: If the RAM has a two byte data word and address bits are grouped for direct mapping with a cache…

A: Balance bits = 5 bits so block offset = 5 pieces  Limit of square = 2^5 = 32 Bytes  Address =…

Q: Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set-associative cache has 216 bytes of main memory and a…

A: Given: Block size = 8 bytes = 23 bytes = 23 wordsTherefore, Number of bits in the Word field = 3…

Q: Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 8M byes of main memory and a…

A: We are given a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 8M byes of main memory and…

Q: 5. suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224 bytes of byte-addressable main memory…

A: Given: 5. suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224 bytes of byte-addressable main…

Fundamentals of Input and Output Performance

The I/O subsystem is a component of computer system design that uses buses to assist communication between the Central Processing Unit, Computer Memory/Storage, and Input and Output Devices (that is known as peripheral devices). The I/O subsystem includes disc controllers, tape drives, discs, system buses, and other devices. The I/O database application reads and writes drives using the operating system windows I/O.