\table[[],,, Pollute, Use FiThere are two firms whose factories sit alongside a lake. It costs each firm $2,100.00 to install filters to avoid polluting the lake. Because both firms utilize the lake's water to produce goods, a polluted lake hurts their production process and increases their costs. Assume that the cost to each firm of a polluted lake is $1400.00 times the number of polluting firms. Fill in the cost matrix based on the above information. Note: Include negative signs because this problem refers to costs.Which of the following are true about the equilibrium in a one-shot game? Choose one or more: A. Both firms pollute. B. Only firm 2 pollutes. C. The equilibrium is not Pareto optimal. D. Neither firm pollutes. E. Only firm 1 pollutes. Pollute Firm 1 Use Filter Firm 2 Pollute Use Filter
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- cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…In the funky town of Chocoville, there's a firm called "Messy Chocolate Inc" that produces chocolate. Messy Chocolate Inc is located on a river that passes through the town, and this river is the only source of drinking water for the people of Chocoville. Due its messy production processes of chocolate, Messy Chocolate Inc pollutes the river: The company accidentally turns the beautiful river into a giant chocolate milkshake. The more chocolate the company produces, the more giant chocolate milkshake pollution it causes. Three groups of citizens in the town are directly affected by this pollution: (1) The children (who love milkshake) (2) the middle-aged (who would like to have access to clean water rather than milkshake) (3) the elderly (who face diabetes risks) Write down whether the chocolate production process of Messy Chocolate Inc generates positive or negative externalities for each group. Groups Externality is positive or negative? (In each box below, simply write…Table 2 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Lisa and Mark, own wells th Time left 1:57 drinking water. Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Quantity (in gallons) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 Price Select one: O a. 0 O b. 1,200 O c. 600 O d. 900 $120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total Revenue (and Total Profit) $0 11,000 20,000 27,000 32,000 35,000 36,000 35,000 32,000 27,000 20,000 11,000 0 Refer to Table 2. If the market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic, how many gallo of water would be produced and sold?
- . Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, therefore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC=40P Where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR=1000-10P How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake?Table 2 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Lisa and Mark, own wells that produce sa drinking water. Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the Time left 1:5 bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Quantity (in gallons) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 Select one: Price O a. $60 O b. $20 O c. $40 O d. $70 $120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Refer to Table 2. If Lisa and Mark operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water, what price will they charge? Total Revenue (and Total Profit) $0 11,000 20,000 27,000 32,000 35,000 36,000 35,000 32,000 27,000 20,000 11,000 0Only typed answer and please don't use chatgpt The inverse demand for leather is given by P = 50-0.5Q. The industry supply of leather is determined by its marginal cost: MC = 0.4Q. Unfortunately, the production of leather causes noxious chemical residue to leach into groundwater supplies. The external marginal cost caused by these residues grows with the amount of output, and is measured as EMC = 0.05Q. 1A. How many leather is produced in the free market if the externality is not corrected. B) What is the free market price of the leather if the externality is not corrected? C) What is the social marginal cost?
- wo firms, A and B, each currently dump 50 tonnes of chemicals into the local river. The government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped into the river. It costs Firm A $100 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. The government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. Government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. What is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are NOT allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other, and what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms ARE allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? A. $4500; $2500 B. $3000; $1500 C. $4500; $3500 D. $4500; $4000Four roommates are planning to spend the weekendin their dorm room watching old movies, and theyare debating how many to watch. Here is theirwillingness to pay for each film:Dwayne Javier Salman ChrisFirst film $7 $5 $3 $2Second film 6 4 2 1Third film 5 3 1 0Fourth film 4 2 0 0Fifth film 3 1 0 0a. Within the dorm room, is the showing of a moviea public good? Why or why not?b. If it costs $8 to stream a movie, how many moviesshould the roommates stream to maximize totalsurplus?c. If they choose the optimal number from part (b)and then split the cost of streaming the moviesequally, how much surplus does each personobtain from watching the movies?d. Is there any way to split the cost to ensure thateveryone benefits? What practical problems doesthis solution raise?e. Suppose they agree in advance to choose theefficient number and to split the cost of the moviesequally. When Dwayne is asked his willingness topay, will he have an incentive to tell the truth? Ifso, why? If not, what will he…Table 17-1Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Quantity(in gallons) Price Total Revenue(and Total Profit) 0 $60 $0 100 55 5,500 200 50 10,000 300 45 13,500 400 40 16,000 500 35 17,500 600 30 18,000 700 25 17,500 800 20 16,000 900 15 13,500 1,000 10 10,000 1,100 5 5,500 1,200 0 0 Refer to Table 17-1. If this market for water were perfectly competitive instead of…
- Write down a model of positive production externality with two firms, in which theproduction activities of one firm directly affects the production/cost of the other firm.State and explain the key assumptions of the model. Using the model, answer thefollowing questions:(a) Explain why the presence of a positive production externality could prevent therealisation of an efficient outcome.(b) Name a possible cure for the positive production externality and explain how itcould solve the inefficiency problem.Four firms called Elm, Maple, Oak, and Cherry, produce wooden chairs. However, they also produce a great dealof garbage (a mixture of glue, varnish, sandpaper, and wood scraps). The first row of Table 12.6 shows the totalamount of garbage (in tons) that each firm currently produces. The other rows of the table show the cost of reducinggarbage produced by the first five tons, the second five tons, and so on. First, calculate the cost of requiring each firmto reduce the weight of its garbage by one-fourth. Now, imagine that the government issues marketable permits forthe current level of garbage, but the permits will shrink the weight of allowable garbage for each firm by one-fourth.What will be the result of this alternative approach to reducing pollution?There are three industrial firms in Kitona. The Government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits. Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost reducing pollution by 1 unit A 70 Units $20 B 80 Units $25 C 50 Units $10 Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?