Suppose that y is the yield on a perpetual government bond that pays interest at the rate of $1 per annum. Assume that y is expressed with simply com- pounding, that interest is paid annually on the bond, and that y follows the process dy = a(y0 - y)dt + oydWt, where a, y0, and o are positive constants and dWt is a Wiener process. (a) What is the process followed by the bond price? (b) What is the expected instantaneous return (including interest and capital gains) to the holder of the bond?

Suppose that y is the yield on a perpetual government bond that pays interest at the rate of $1 per annum. Assume that y is expressed with simply com- pounding, that interest is paid annually on the bond, and that y follows the process dy = a(y0 - y)dt + oydWt, where a, y0, and o are positive constants and dWt is a Wiener process. (a) What is the process followed by the bond price? (b) What is the expected instantaneous return (including interest and capital gains) to the holder of the bond?

Essentials Of Investments

11th Edition

ISBN:9781260013924

Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PS

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Suppose that x is the continuously compounded yield to maturity on a zero-coupon bond that pays off $1 at time T. Assume that x follows the process: dx = a (x₁ - x) dt + sx dz where a, x0, and s are positive constants and dz is a Wiener process. What is the process followed by the bond price? Solutions:
The forward rate f(t1,12) of a bond, is the implicit interest rate in a future period between time t1 and t2. For example, assuming continuous time returns, if the discount rate from period 0 to t1 is: exp(-r t1), and from period 0 to 12 (greater than t1) is: exp(-r t2), then the forward rate f from t1 to t2 maintains the following no arbitrage relationship: exp(-r t1) exp(-f (t2-t1) exp(-r t2)). Suppose we observe the prices of a 14-year zero-coupon bond (with a face value of $93.31), where P(t1,t2) regans the price of the bond between t1 and 12, and a year 7-to-14 forward rate as follows:P(0.14) - $86.5496905000 and f(7,14) - 0.6074704253 %. Calculate the price of a 7-year zero-coupon, with face value $99.27: $82.9604 $96.0778 ✓(25 %) $96.2349 $82.1804
If Po is the initial price of the security, P₁ is the price after you hold it for a year, and X represents a direct payment, an asset's rate of return is equal to: rate of return = (P₁ - Po) rate of return = (P₁ - Po) + X rate of return = (P₁-Po) / Po + XPo rate of return = (P₁ - Po)/Po + X
The correct formula to calculate the future value (FV) of a present value (PV) when simple interest is used is? Note: N would be number of periods and i would be the interest rate. A. FV = PV X (1+i)^N, where^ represents power B. FV = PV X (1+i)^-N, where^ represents power O C. FV = PV/((1+i) X N) D. FV = PV x (1 + (N x i)) Reset Selection Mark for Review What's This? The correct formula to calculate the future value (FV) of a present value (PV) when simple interest is used is? Note: N would be number of periods and i would be the interest rate. A. FV = PV X (1+i)^N, where^ represents power OB. FV = PV X (1+i)^-N, where^ represents power C. FV = PV /((1+i) x N) D. FV = PV x (1 + (N X i)) Reset Selection Mark for Review What's This?
The value of any financial asset is the present ✓ value of the cash flows the asset is expected to produce. For a bond with fixed annual coupons, its value is equal to the present value of all its annual interest payments and its maturity value as shown in the equation below: Bond's value = VB: Int. Int. (1+ra)² (1+ra)² N + ·+...+ Int. M + (1+ra)* (1+ra) Int. M (1+ra) (1+ra)N + We could use the valuation equation shown above to solve for a bond's value; however, it is more efficient to use a financial calculator. Simply enter N as years to maturity, I/YR as the going annual interest rate, PMT as the annual coupon payment (calculated as the annual coupon interest rate times the face value of the bond), and FV as the stated maturity value. Once those inputs are entered in your financial calculator, you can solve for PV, the value of the bond. Remember that the signs for PMT and FV should be the same, so PV will have an opposite sign. Typically, you would enter PMT and FV as positive…
Suppose the CAPM is true. Consider two assets, X and Y, and the market M. Suppose cov(X,M) = .3, cov(Y,M) = .5. %3D (a) Is the expected return higher on X or Y? (b) Suppose var(M) = 1.5, what are the betas of X and Y? (c) Suppose the expected market return is 20% and the risk free rate is 5%, what is the expected returns of X and Y?. (d) Given your analysis in (a)-(c), what type of investor would prefer asset X to asset Y?
Consider 1-factor model and assume that the price of a certain fixed income security P(y) for y=9%, 9.05% and 8.95% is given by P(0.09)=$5,000; P(0.0905)=$4,980; P(0.0895)=$5,030. Find the estimate for DV01, Duration, and Convexity of this security. Keep at least 4 decimal digits while performing your calculations.
Unlike the coupon interest rate, which is fixed, a bond's yield varies from day to day depending on market conditions. To be most useful, it should give us an estimate of the rate of return an investor would earn if that investor purchased the bond today and held it for its remaining life. There are three different yield calculations: Current yield, yield to maturity, and yield to call. A bond's current yield is calculated as the annual interest payment divided by the current price. Unlike the yield to maturity or the yield to call, it does not represent the actual return that investors should expect because it does not account for the capital gain or loss that will be realized if the bond is held until it matures or is called. This yield was popular before calculators and computers came along because it was easy to calculate; however, because it can be misleading, the yield to maturity and yield to call are more relevant. The yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return earned on a…
Assume that security returns are generated by the single-index model,Ri = αi + βiRM + eiwhere Ri is the excess return for security i and RM is the market’s excess return. The risk-free rate is 2%. Suppose also that there are three securities A, B, and C, characterized by the following data: Security βi E(Ri) σ(ei) A 0.7 7 % 20 % B 0.9 9 6 C 1.1 11 15 a. If σM = 16%, calculate the variance of returns of securities A, B, and C. b. Now assume that there are an infinite number of assets with return characteristics identical to those of A, B, and C, respectively. What will be the mean and variance of excess returns for securities A, B, and C? (Enter the variance answers as a percent squared and mean as a percentage. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest whole number.)
Suppose we observe the following rates: 1R1= 0.75%, 1R2=1.20%, E(2r1)=0.907%. If the liquidity premium theory of the term structure of interest rates holds, what is the liquidity premium for year 2, L2?
Assume the real risk-free is 1% and the average annual expected inflation rate is 4%. The DRP and LP for bond A are each 3%, and the applicable MRP is 3%. What is Bond A's interest rate?
Assume that the real risk-free rate is 2% and the average annual expected inflation rate is 4%. The DRP and LP for Bond A are each 2%, and the applicable MRP is 3%. What is Bond A's interest rate?

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