Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by 12 percent per year, and real income grows by 4 percent per year. a. What is the average inflation rate? b. How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher? Explain. c. How do you interpret the parameter k? What is its relationship to the velocity of money?
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- The central bank of the Mushroom Kingdom announces that the federal funds rate will be equal to 5% during the next two years, and after these two years it will fall to 3% for the next eight years. If the inflation rate is expected to be 1% throughout the entirety of this period, what will be the long-run expected real interest rate during these ten years? Select one: a.2.40% b.4.40% inal Exam c.7% d.33% Next pageIn a particular economy the real money demand function is Real Interest Rate, r (%) 0.451 M 0.40- 3,000 + 0.10Y-9,000i. P 0.35- Assume that M = 7,000 and P = 2. Initially, expected inflation, zewas 0.02. Initially, when Y= 8000, the real interest rate of 0.013 cleared the asset market and when Y = 9000, the real interest rate of 0.024 cleared the asset market. The initial LM curve is drawn as 0.30- 0.25 0.20- LM,. 0.15- Now suppose that the expected inflation rate increases to 0.03. Using the new expected inflation rate, calculate the real interest rate that clears the asset market when Y = 8000. (Enter your answer in decimals, rounded to three decimals.) D. This is point C. 0.10- LM, 0.05- 0.00+ 7 8 10 Output, Y (thousands)Suppose that a borrower and a lender agree on thenominal interest rate to be paid on a loan. Theninflation turns out to be higher than they bothexpected.a. Is the real interest rate on this loan higher or lowerthan expected?b. Does the lender gain or lose from thisunexpectedly high inflation? Does the borrowergain or lose?c. Inflation during the 1970s was much higher thanmost people had expected when the decade began.How did this unexpectedly high inflation affecthomeowners who obtained fixed-rate mortgagesduring the 1960s? How did it affect the banks thatlent the money
- u are considering the choice between investing $50,000 in a conventional 1-year bank CD offering an interest rate of 5% and a 1-year Inflation-Plus CD offering 1.5% per year plus the rate of inflation. Which is the safer investment? Can you tell which offers the higher expected return? If you expect the rate of inflation to be 3% over the next year, which is the better investment? Why? If we observe a risk-free nominal interest rate of 5% per year and a risk-free real rate of 1.5% on inflation-indexed bonds, can we infer that the market's expected rate of inflation is 3.5% per year?A common cause of falling inflation is O Weaker growth in demand than in supply for large parts of the economy O High fees and taxes O Strong wage development O Low interest rates and rising investmentA Wall Street Journal offered the following opinion of the bond market in September 2012, when inflation rate was about 2%: Ac€A?Someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the betAc€??. a. Explain verbally and illustrate graphically what will happen to the price of bonds if expected inflation increases to 4% from 2%. Be sure to include in your answer the demand the bond market. b. Explain why someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the bet. c. Suppose that you expect a greater increase in inflation than do others investors, but that you do not expect the increase to occur until 2015. Should you wait until 2015 to sell your bond? Briefly explain. d. The columnist also argued that long-term bonds would be a good investment if only Ac€A? when we get serious price deflationAc€?? Ac€?c *Explain verbally and illustrate…
- 12. Most business economists and analysts prefer to use measures of "core" inflation, which typically remove which of the following volatile components? O. Energy O. Food O. Housing O. Energy and FoodWhich of the following represents a short-run e_ect of a monetary contraction? Select one: O a. an increase in the interest rate O b. a reduction in the price level O c. all of the above O d. a reduction in outputAssume that an increase in aggregate demand results in a positive bargaining gap which is constant at 2%. The rate of inflation in future years will: Select one: a.Fall by 2% each year b.lncrease by 2% each year c.Remain constant at 2% per year d.Remain unchanged
- 2. If a higher inflation is expected, what would you expect to happen to the shape of theyield curve? Why?At the end of September, a barrel of light crude oil sold for almost $70 compared to a price near $30 a barrel in January 9f 2004. To answer the following questions,assume bind traders expect inflation to rise from 3% in 2005 to 5% in both 2006 and 2007. Also traders expect the American economy to enter a recession in 2007. Assume the prior to the recent run up oil prices, bond traders had expected inflation to remain stable in 2006 and 2007 at 3%. Using a model of supply and demand for one year T-Bills, illustrate and explain the impact of a recession ( a business cycle contraction) if bond traders expect that this recession will occur in 2007,what do you expect to happen to yields on one year T- Bills in 2007?(a) Calculate each of the following for Year 2. Show your work. (i) Real GIDP per capita for Arturia (il) Real GDP per capita for Ringberg (b) If Arturia and Ringberg have the same velocity of money in Year 2, which nation must have the higher money supply in Year 2? Explain (c) Calculate each of the following in Year 2. Show your work. (i) The inflation rate in Arturia (il) The inflation rate in Ringberg (d) Based on your answer to part (c), if the nominal interest rate is the same for both nations in Year 2, which nation experiences the higher real interest rate in Year 2? Explain. (e) Ringberg produces consumer goods and capital goods. While maintaining full employment, Ringberg decides to allocate more resources to the production of consumer goods. What will be the effect on the long-run economic growth rate in Ringberg? Explain. esc C 1 の