Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks to monitor the condition of dams andbridges. The article “Statistical Analysis of Vibration Modes of a Suspension Bridge UsingSpatially Dense Wireless Sensor Network" (S. Pakzad and G. Fenves, Journal of StructuralEngineering, 2009:863-872) describes an experiment in which accelerometers were placedon the Golden Gate Bridge for the purpose of estimating vibration modes. The followingoutput (from MINITAB) describes the fit of a linear model that predicts thefrequency (in Hz) in terms of the damping ratio for overdamped (damping ratio >1) modes. There are n = 7 observations.The regression equation isFrequency = 0.773 - 0.280 Damping RatioPredictorCoef SE CoefConstant0.77289 0.14534 5.31760.003Damping -0.279850.079258 -3.53090.017RatioHow many degrees of freedom are there for the Student's t statistics?Find a 98% confidence interval for ß1.a.b.Find a 98% confidence interval for Bo-C.d.Someone claims that the frequency decreases by 0.6 Hz if the damping ratio increasesby 1. Use the given output to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether this claimis plausible.

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Answered: Structural engineers use wireless…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks to monitor the condition of dams and bridges. The article "Statistical Analysis of Vibration Modes of a Suspension Bridge Using Spatially Dense Wireless Sensor Network" (S. Pakzad and G. Fenves, Journal of Structural Engineering, 2009:863-872) desaribes an experiment in which accelerometers were placed on the Golden Gate Bridge for the purpose of estimating vibration modes. For 18 vertical modes, the system was underdamped (damping ratio 1)? Explain why or why not f. e. For what damping ratio would you predict a frequency of 2.0?
The article “Approximate Methods for Estimating Hysteretic Energy Demand on PlanAsymmetric Buildings” (M. Rathhore, A. Chowdhury, and S. Ghosh, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2011: 99–123) presents a method, based on a modal pushover analysis, of estimating the hysteretic energy demand placed on a structure by an earthquake. A sample of 18 measurements had a mean error of 457.8 kNm with a standard deviation of 317.7 kNm. An engineer claims that the method is unbiased, in other words, that the mean error is 0. Can you conclude that this claim is false?
During the spring of 1999, many fuel storage facilities in Serbia were destroyed by bombing. As a result, significant quantities of oil products were spilled and burned,resulting in soil pollution. The article “Mobility of Heavy Metals Originating from Bombing of Industrial Sites” (B. Škrbić, J. Novaković, and N. Miljević, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2002:7–16) reports measurements of heavy metal concentrations at several industrial sites in June 1999, just after the bombing, and again in March of 2000. At the Smederevo site, on the banks of the Danube River, eight soil specimens taken in 1999 had an average lead concentration (in mg/kg) of 10.7 with a standard deviation of 3.3. Four specimens taken in 2000 had an average lead concentration of 33.8 with a standard deviation of 0.50. Find a 95% confidence interval for the increase in lead concentration between June 1999 and March 2000.
The article "Modeling of Urban Area Stop-and-Go Traffic Noise" (P. Pamanikabud and C. Tharasawatipipat, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1999:152–159) presents measurements of traffic noise, in dBA, from 10 locations in Bangkok, Thailand. Measurements, presented in the following table, were made at each location, in both the acceleration and deceleration lanes. Location Acceleration Deceleration 78.1 78.6 78.1 80.0 3 79.6 79.3 4 81.0 79.1 78.7 78.2 78.1 78.0 78.6 78.6 78.5 78.8 78.4 78.0 10 79.6 78.4 Can you conclude that there is a difference in the mean noise levels between acceleration and deceleration lanes?
The degenerative disease osteoarthritis most frequently affects weight-bearing joints such as knee. The article “Evidence of Mechanical Load Redistribution at the Knee Joint in the Elderly when Ascending Stairs and Ramps” (Annals of Biomed. Engr., 2008:467-476) presented the following summary data on stance duration (ms) for samples of both older and younger adults. Age Sample Size Sample Mean Sample SD Older 28 801 117 Younger 16 780 72 Assume that both stance duration distributions are normal. Carry out a test of hypotheses at significance level .05 to decide whether true average stance duration is larger among elderly individuals than among younger individuals. (Population variances are not assumed equal.)
The article "Refinement of Gravimetric Geoid Using GPS and Leveling Data" (W. Thurston, Journal of Surveying Engineering, 2000:27-56) presents a method for measuring orthometric heights above sea level. For a sample of 1225 baselines, 926 gave results that were within the class C spirit leveling tolerance limits. Can we conclude that this method produces results within the tolerance limits more than 75% of the time? Test on a 5% significance level. The P-value is 0.32, we cannot conclude that the method produces good results more than 75% of the time. The P-value is 0.01, we can conclude that the method produces good results more than 75% of the time. The P-value is 0.03, we can conclude that the method produces good results more than 75% of the time. The P-value is 0.27, we cannot conclude that the method produces good results more than 75% of the time.
Body Fat. In the paper “Total Body Composition by Dual- Photon (153 Gd) Absorptiometry” (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 40, pp. 834–839), R. Mazess et al. studied methods for quantifying body composition. Eighteen randomly selected adults were measured for percentage of body fat, using dual-photon absorptiometry. Each adult’s age and percentage of body fat are shown on the WeissStats site. a. Decide whether finding a regression line for the data is reasonable. If so, then also do parts (b)–(d). b. Obtain the coefficient of determination. c. Determine the percentage of variation in the observed values of the response variable explained by the regression, and interpret your answer. d. State how useful the regression equation appears to be for making predictions.
The article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering (1999, Vol. 125, pp.59-75) describes a study of the thermal inertia properties of autoclaved aerated concrete used as a building material. Five samples of the material were tested in a structure, and the average interior temperatures (°C) reported were as follows: 23.01, 22.22, 22.04, 22.62, and 22.59. Test that the average interior temperature is equal to 22.5°C using alpha (a) = 0.05. This problem is a test on what population parameter? What is the null and alternative hypothesis? What are the Significance level and type of test? What standardized test statistic will be used? What is the standard test statistic? What is the Statistical Decision? What is the statistical decision in the statement form?
The article "Application of Analysis of Variance to Wet Clutch Engagement" (M. Mansouri, M. Khonsari, et al., Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2002:117-125) presents the following fitted model for predicting clutch engagement time in seconds (y) from engagement starting speed in m/s (x1), maximum drive torque in N · m (x2), system inertia in kg · m² (x3), and applied force rate in kN/s (x4): y = -0.83 + 0.017.x, + 0.0895x, + 42.77.xz + 0.027x, – 0.0043x,x, The sum of squares for regression was SSR = 1.08613 and the sum of squares for error was SSE = 0.036310. There were 44 degrees of freedom for error. Predict the clutch engagement time when the starting speed is 20 m/s, the maximum drive torque is 17 N·m, the system inertia is 0.006 kg · m², and the applied force rate is 10 kN/s. b. Is it possible to predict the change in engagement time associated with an increase of 2 m/s in starting speed? If so, find the predicted change. If not, explain why not. Is it…
The article "Withdrawal Strength of Threaded Nails" (D. Rammer, S. Winistorfer, and D. Bender, Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001:442–449) describes an experiment comparing the withdrawal strengths for several types of nails. The data presented in the following table are consistent with means and standard deviations reported in the article for three types of nails: annularly threaded, helically threaded, and smooth shank. All nails had diameters within 0.1 mm of each other, and all were driven into the same type of lumber. Nail Withdrawal Strength (N/mm) Type Annularly 36.57 29.67 43.38 26.94 12.03 21.66 41.79 31.50 35.84 40.81 threaded Helically 14.66 24.22 23.83 21.80 27.22 38.25 28.15 36.35 23.89 28.44 threaded Smooth 12.61 25.71 17.69 24.69 26.48 19.35 28.60 42.17 25.11 19.98 shank Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value. Can you conclude that the mean withdrawal strength is different for different nail types? a. b.
The article “Models for Assessing Hoisting Times of Tower Cranes” (A. Leung and C. Tam, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1999: 385–391) presents a model constructed by a stepwise regression procedure to predict the time needed for a tower crane hoisting operation. Twenty variables were considered, and the stepwise procedure chose a nine-variable model. The adjusted R2 for the selected model was 0.73. True or false: a) The value 0.73 is a reliable measure of the goodness of fit of the selected model. b) The value 0.73 may exaggerate the goodness of fit of the model. c) A stepwise regression procedure selects only variables that are of some use in predicting the value of the dependent variable. d) It is possible for a variable that is of no use in predicting the value of a dependent variable to be part of a model selected by a stepwise regression procedure.
Foot ulcers are a common problem for people with diabetes. Higher skin temperatures on the foot indicate an increased risk of ulcers. The article "An Intelligent Insole for Diabetic Patients with the Loss of Protective Sensation" (Kimberly Anderson, M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines), reports measurements of temperatures, in °F, of both feet for 181 diabetic patients. The results are presented in the following table. Left Foot Right Foot 80 80 85 85 75 80 88 86 89 87 87 82 78 78 88 89 89 90 76 81 89 86 87 82 78 78 80 81 87 82 86 85 76 80 88 89 Construct a scatterplot of the right foot temperature (y) versus the left foot temperature (x). Verify that a linear model is appropriate. b. Compute the least-squares line for predicting the right foot temperature from the left foot temperature. If the left foot temperatures of two patients differ by 2 degrees, by how much would you predict their right foot temperatures to differ? Predict the right foot temperature for a patient whose left…

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