Statistics Canada reported that in the second quarter of 2017 Canadian exports increased by $14 billion. Explain and draw a graph to illustrate the effect of an increase in exports on equilibrium real GDP in the long run. Exports increase by $14 billion and the aggregate demand curve shifts to AD₁. Draw a point at the new short-run equilibrium. Label it 1. Draw a point at the new long-run equilibrium. Label it 2. 150- 145- 140- 135- 130- 125- 120- 115- 110- 105- 100- Price level (GDP deflator, 2007 = 100) LAS 115 ADO SAS AD₁1 95- 1600 90- 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 11 Real GDP (billions of 2007 dollars)

The following events have occurred at times in the history of the United States: 1. The world economy goes into an expansion. 2. U.S. businesses expect future profits to rise. 3. The government increases its expenditure on goods and services in a time of war or increased international tension. Explain the combined effects of these events on U.S. real GDP and the price level, starting from a position of long-run equilibrium. The graph shows an economy in long-run equilibrium. The world economy goes into an expansion, U.S. businesses expect future profits to rise, and the government increases its expenditure on goods and services in a time of war or increased international tension. Draw one new curve that shows the combined effect of the three events. Label it. Draw a point at the new short-run macroeconomic equilibrium. 140- 130- Price level (GDP deflator, 2012=100) 120- 110- 100- 90- 80- 18.0 LAS SAS AD G 19.0 20.0 21.0 Real GDP (trillions of 2012 dollars) Denonh: the ohiarte conciliad…

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The following graph represents the short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) based on an expected price level of 120. The economy's full- employment output level is $9 trillion. Major unions across the country have recently negotiated three-year wage contracts with employers. The wage contracts are based on an expected price level of 120, but the actual price level turns out to be 160. Show the short-run effect of the unexpectedly high price level by dragging the curve or moving the point to the appropriate position. PRICE LEVEL (CPI) 240 200 160 40 0 0 3 SRAS[120] 6 9 12 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) 15 18 SRAS[120] 0 (?) Interpret the change you drew on the previous graph by filling in the blanks in the following paragraph:

7. The long-run aggregate supply curve and short-run adjustments Suppose an economy's short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), current equilibrium aggregate price level (P₁), and real GDP (Q1) are shown on the graph that follows. The economy currently has Natural Real GDP (QN) of $6 trillion. Use this information to place the orange long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS, square symbols) in the correct position on the graph. 20 PRICE LEVEL 0 2 4 6 Q₁ REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) 8 SRAS 10 LRAS

By using aggregate supply and demand curves to illustrate your points, discuss the impacts of the following events on the price level and on equilibrium GDP (Y) in the short run: a. A tax cut holding government purchases constant with the economy operating at near full capacity b. An increase in the money supply during a period of high unemployment and excess industrial capacity c. An increase in the price of oil caused by a war in the Middle East, assuming that the Central Bank attempts to keep interest rates constant by accommodating inflation d. An increase in taxes and a cut in government spending supported by a cooperative Fed acting to keep output from falling

Discuss how the economy returns to equilibrium in response to changes in aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) in both the short run and long run

The following graph shows an economy's short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), current equilibrium aggregate price level (P₁), and real GDP ( 21). The economy currently has Natural Real GDP (QN) of $6 trillion. Use this information to place the orange long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS, square symbols) in the correct position on the graph. PRICE LEVEL 10 8 1 A 2 0 0 2 A₁ 4 6 Q₁ REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) 8 SRAS 10 The equilibrium A₁, shown on the graph, reveals that real GDP (2₁) is shifting SRAS O LRAS Natural Real GDP. As a result, wages will over time,

The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), and the long-run aggregate supply curve ( LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibrium at a natural level of output of $100 billion.. Suppose a bout of severe weather drives up agricultural costs, increases the costs of transporting goods and services, and increases the costs of producing goods and services. Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow. (Note: You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.) Hint: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the severe weather on the natural level of output.

Suppose that because of globally adverse meteorological conditions, there are serious concerns of climbing prices in an extensive group of commodities. As a result, people now expect an acute increase in the level of input prices. The figure shows aggregate demand (AD), short‑run aggregate supply (SRAS), and long‑run aggregate supply (LRAS). Move one or more of these curves to describe the short‑run effect this would have in the economy and answer the two questions. Adjust graph in picture.  In the short run, price level a. increases. b. decreases. c. The change is indeterminate.   In the short run, real GDP (or aggregate output) a. The change is indeterminate. b. decreases. c. increases.