State whether the gene is up- or down-regulated and briefly explain the reason behind. The polypeptide product becomes tagged with ubiquitin and is directed to the proteasomes for hydrolytic digestion.

A. In transcription, a region of DNA opens up. One strand, the template strand, serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript. The other strand, the coding strand, is identical to the RNA transcripf in sequence, except that it has uracil (U) bases in place of thymine (T) bases. Given the following piece of messenger RNA (MRNA): CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCC... Answer the following questions. 1. List the complementary non-coding DNA sequence. This refers to the template strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 2. List the DNA strand sequence complementary to the template strand. This refers to the coding strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 3. List the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for. (Please insert a space every after one amino acid for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.)

Explain the mode of action of transcription inhibitor metarrestin. Explain why transcription inhibitor is a good anticancer drug.

Protein levels and mRNA levels for a particualr gene don’t always match.  For example, the GCN4 gene in yeast is always producing mRNA, but the Gcn4 protein is only made when the cells are starved.  A.    what is one mechanism by which changes in mRNA levels are not always matched by changes in the protein product of that mRNA?

Like the lac operon, the hexose operon is controlled by a separate regulatory protein under the control of its own promoter (see the schematic of the operon below). The hexose regulatory protein is sensitive to fatty acyl CoA levels. When all hexose fuel sources are depleted, the bacteria switch to lipid metabolism and fatty acyl CoA levels increase. This turns expression of the hexose operon off. +1 +1 Regulatory Gene Pregulator P operon Hexose Operon Genes regulator promoter operon promoter