State what the theory of comparative advantage forecasts: When there are two countries A and B, and two goods are produced by them: good X and Y. a) Trade between A and B will only take place if both countries are at a comparatively similar stage in the development of their economies. b) Trade can take place even if country A has an absolute advantage in both providing that B chooses to specialize in the good in which it has the least comparative disadvantage, and A specializes in the one in which it has the greater comparative advantage. c) Trade can only take place if country A has an absolute advantage in producing one of the goods, and country B has an absolute advantage in producing the other. d) None of the above.

When a country speciallizes in the production of a good, this means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than Its trading partner. Because of this comparative advantage, both countries benefit when they specialize and trade with each other. The following graphs show the production possibilitles frontlers (PPFS) for Maldonia and Sylvanla. Both countries produce lemons and coffee, each Initlally (that is, before specialization and trade) producing 18 million pounds of lemons and 9 million pounds of coffee, as Indicated by grey points (star symbols) labeled point A. Maldonia Sylvania 48 48 42 42 36 36 PPF 30 30 24 24 18 PPF 18 12 12 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 LEMONS (Milions of pounds) LEMONS (Millions of pounds) Maldonia has a comparative advantage in the production of while Sylvania has a comparative advantage in the . If each fully specializes (that is, produces only the good for which each has a comparative production of advantage), the most the…

Consider the following information: Country A's opportunity cost of producing vegetables is lower than Country B's. Country B's opportunity cost of producing electronics is lower than Country A's. Country A is absolutely better at producing both goods. If the two countries decide to specialize and trade then: O Each country will be able to produce and consume at a point outside their production possibilities frontier. O Each country will be able to consume at a point outside their production possibilities frontier. O Each country will be able to produce at a point outside their production possibilities frontier. O Each country's production possibilities frontier will shift outward. « Previous Next ASUS 17 6 8

Suppose that Spain and Switzerland both produce oil and cheese. Spain's opportunity cost of producing a pound of cheese is 4 barrels of oil while Switzerland's opportunity cost of producing a pound of cheese is 10 barrels of oil. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing cheese in the two countries, you can tell that    has a comparative advantage in the production of cheese and    has a comparative advantage in the production of oil.   Suppose that Spain and Switzerland consider trading cheese and oil with each other. Spain can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than    of oil for each pound of cheese it exports to Switzerland. Similarly, Switzerland can gain from trade as long as it receives more than    of cheese for each barrel of oil it exports to Spain.   Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, price of cheese in terms of oil) would allow both Switzerland and Spain to gain from…

12. Inflation-induced tax distortions Ashwin receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 4.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high- inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Ashwin's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) 2.5 4.5 7.0 4.5 Compared with higher inflation rates, a lower inflation rate will nominal interest income. This tends to ▼saving, thereby the economy's long-run growth rate. After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) the…

Suppose the United States and Mexico both produce hamburgers and tacos. The combinations of the two goods that each country can produce in one day are presented in the table below. United States Mexico Hamburgers (in tons) Tacos (in tons) Hamburgers (in tons) Tacos (in tons) 162 135 90 108 18 90 180 54 36 45 270 54 Which country has an absolute advantage in producing tacos? The United States Which country has a comparative advantage in producing tacos? Mexico Suppose the United States is currently producing 180 tons of hamburgers and 54 tons of tacos and Mexico is currently producing 36 tons of hamburgers and 45 tons of tacos. If the United States and Mexico each specialize in producing only one good (the good for which each has a comparative advantage), then a total of additional ton(s) of hamburgers can be produced for the two countries combined (enter a numeric response using an integer)

When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFS) for Yosemite and Rainier. Both countries produce com and lentils, each Initially (l.e., before specialization and trade) producing 30 million pounds of corn and 15 million pounds of lentils, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. LENTILS (Milions of pounds) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 80 50 70 Note: Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. 40 60 30 50 20 40 10 30 PPF 0 20 10 0 0 0 Yosemite has a comparative advantage in the production of while Rainler has a comparative advantage in the production of . Suppose that Yosemite and Rainier specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage.…

Assume that there are two countries, Country A, which earns $5,000 per capita GDP, and Country B, which earns $50,000 per capita GDP. Using Country A and Country B and two products that you choose, thoroughly and clearly explain an example of how these countries can gain from trade pursuant to the doctrine of Comparative Advantage.

Suppose that France and Italy both produce wine and cheese. France's opportunity cost of producing a case of cheese is 5 barrels of wine, while Italy's opportunity cost of producing a case of cheese is 10 barrels of wine. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing cheese in the two countries, you can tell that comparative advantage in the production of cheese and has a comparative advantage in the production of wine. Suppose that France and Italy consider trading cheese and wine. France can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than of wine for each case of cheese it exports to Italy. Similarly, Italy can gain from trade as long as it receives of cheese for each barrel of wine it exports to France. more than Based on your answer to the last question, a price ratio between benefit both countries. has a barrels of wine per case of cheese will

Suppose there are two states that do not trade: Iowa and Nebraska. Each state produces the same two goods: corn and wheat. For Iowa the opportunity cost of producing 1 bushel of wheat is 3 bushels of corn. For Nebraska the opportunity cost of producing 1 bushel of corn is 3 bushels of wheat. At present, Iowa produces 20 million bushels of wheat and 120 million bushels of corn, while Nebraska produces 20 million bushels of corn and 120 million bushels of wheat.   a. If each state specialized in their respective comparative advantage:   Iowa would produce  million bushels of corn and  million bushels of wheat.   Nebraska would produce  million bushels of wheat and  million bushels of corn.     Now assume Nebraska trades 120 million bushels of wheat for 120 million bushels of corn. With specialization and this trade, Nebraska will end up with  million bushels of corn and  million bushels of wheat, while Iowa will end up with   million bushels of corn and   million bushels of wheat.   b.…