State the two methods of intrinsic control used to regulate GFR. Choose one of the methods and explain in details how it specifically helps regulate the GFR when blood pressure changes.

Q: If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the…

A: GFR is glomerular filtration rate and it can be defined as the quantity of glomerular filtrate…

Q: Explain the physiological basis of the test that could be used to differentiate between central and…

A: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of salt and water metabolism, which is marked by intense…

Q: What are the effects of ANP on the GFR?

A: ANP stands for Atrial natriuretic peptide. This is a hormones which is released from atrial walls of…

Q: Give precise definition about Incontinence, and how it is associated with urine?. What is the test…

A: Incontinence is lack of voluntary control. Urinary incontinence is when urine leaks involuntarily.…

Q: The kidneys assist in the regulation of blood pressure via regulation of blood volume. How is renal…

A: Amount of water and sodium ingested determines the blood volume and is excreted by the kidneys as…

Q: Explain the significance of pressures involved in filtration and reabsorption processes in the…

A: The kidneys filter far more fluid than is actually expelled in the urine (about 1.5 litres per day).…

Q: Graph the percentages of filtered water and filtered Na+ that are reabsorbed in the PCT, nephron…

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.

A: The urinary system consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are present in a…

Q: 40,   Following an increase in K+ blood levels   Multiple Choice   aldosterone levels increase…

A: Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. It maintains the Na+ and K+ ion levels in…

Q: Describe all the factors contributing to the lethargyof someone with chronic renal failure.

A: There are number of factors that leads to fatigue otherwise called as lethargy in an individual with…

Q: Is glucose always present in the urine of normal individuals? Explain your answer.

A: Urine contains water, nitrogenous waste such as urea, ammonia and inorganic salts. It is pale yellow…

Q: Describe the forces that determine the magnitude of the GFR.What is the normal value of GFR?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  KIDNEY It is a paired organ present in our body. It helps the body to get rid of…

Q: Identify the tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.

A: Tubular transport mechanisms that are hormonally regulated.

Q: Discuss the disease process of nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney disease, and chronic kidney disease.…

A: Answer explain in next step

Q: List the factors that control renal Na1 and water excretion in response to severe sweating?

A: Ultrafiltration, selective absorption, and reabsorption for nutrients and ions and water during the…

Q: Explain how hydronephrosis develops and its effects on thekidney.

A: The mammalian urinary system is an excretory system that uses urine to remove waste materials and…

Q: Describe the pathophysiologic mechanism of syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion, and…

A: Introduction: Vasopressin is the name for an antidiuretic chemical (ADH). It is a naturally…

Q: What is a normal value of GFR?

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of physiology and biochemistry.

Q: Water reabsorption at the collecting duct is under hormonal control while descending limb of loop of…

A: And: The collecting duct and descending limb of loop of henle are part of nephron in the kidney and…

Q: A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher…

A: GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. It is a measure of the amount of the blood that passes…

Q: What two quantities make up “H1 excretion”? Why can this term beequated with “contribution of new…

A: Plasma is a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood that is devoid of red blood cells,…

Q: Explain why GFR cannot be determined by measuring theamount of NaCl in the urine.

A: Glomerular filtration rate or GFR can be defined as the amount of blood that passes through the…

Q: Briefly describe the general mechanism of action for diuretics, and explain in detail how medication…

A: Diurectics are the drugs which promotes the sodium ions (Na+) and thus, water excretion (along with…

Q: Which of the following is the gold standard substance for the clearance test used for estimation of…

A: Glomerular filteration rate (GFR) is the best key for the kidney function. GFR plays an important…

Q: State the clinical significance of the diagnostic serum enzymes (ALT, LDH, AST).

A: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) are enzymes secreted by the liver.…

Q: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

A: GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. It is a measure of the amount of the blood that passes…

Q: What condition would a patient have if they excreted greater than 150 mg of protein per day? What…

A: 1. The condition caused by increased excretion of of protein of greater than 150mg per day is called…

Q: Compare the causes and pathophysiology of acutepyelonephritis, APSGN, and nephrotic syndrome.

A: Nephrotic syndrome: It is a disease condition in which too much protein is excreted in the urine. It…

Q: The table below shows the quantities of water and urea passing through P and Q in a period of 24…

A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs present behind the belly. They are present in pairs. The main…

Q: Describe how very slow, shallow respirations arelikely to affect:a. PCO2b. serum pH

A: Because of many lungs related issues the respiration becomes shallow and further, it could be a…

Q: Describe the mechanisms for gain or loss of acids. Also describe the renal mechanisms for…

A: The excretory system is a system that is found in the human body. This system's job is to eliminate…

Q: Substance X shows that it is with 0 ml/min of renal clearance. What does it imply? A. Substance X is…

A: Question is related to Nursing pharmacology.  In this question asked about meaning of Renal…

Q: Urine Volume Cases Urine Concentration Dehydration Increases Decreases Exercise Increases Decreases…

A: Given: Diabetes is referred as a chronic health condition that affects the body consumption of food…

Q: 3 main blood tests in a metabolic panel used to assess renal function.

A: The kidneys helps to remove the waste products and maintain the fluid balance of the body by…

Q: Does her low GFR indicate that too much filtrate, or too little filtrate, is being formed at her…

A: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function. GRF explains the total…

Q: Define plasma clearance and show how it is calculated

A: In the human body, blood is considered the fluid that plays a significant role in the transportation…

Q: Why is edema present in individuals with nephrotic syndrome?

A: Introduction  Pressure plays an important role in sustaining the normal physiology of the body.…

Q: Compare the characteristics of the urine in a child with pyelo-nephritis, APSGN, or nephrotic…

A: Pyelonephritis is a type of kidney infection. It is very dangerous, and inflammation in the kidney…

Q: The kidneys assist in the regulation of blood pressure via regulation of blood volume. How is renal…

A: The basic structure of the kidney is similar in all the vertebrates but the environmental conditions…

Q: What effect does increasing blood pressure have on GFR? Why?

A: Glomerular filtration is the process that occurs in kidneys in which water and some dissolved…

Q: Discuss why fluid intake is important for a patient diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.

A: In diagnosed with urinary tract infection fluid intake is very important because  1. To reducing…

Q: Explain why not reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Glucose lead to acidosis and polyuria…

A: Acid-base equilibrium: Acid-base equilibrium alludes to the instruments the body uses to keep its…

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacology is a discipline of medicine that studies how medications interact with the systems and processes of living organisms, focusing on drug action mechanisms as well as therapeutic and other purposes.